以河西走廊绿洲-荒漠过渡带不同固定程度的沙地生境（半固定沙丘迎风坡、半固定沙丘背风坡、固定沙丘和丘间平地）生长的芦苇（Phragmites australis）为研究对象，应用高通量测序技术，对芦苇根际土壤细菌和真菌群落的结构和多样性特征进行了分析比较。结果表明：4种沙地生境芦苇根际土壤微生物的群落多样性存在较明显的差异，细菌和真菌群落的OTU（操作分类单元）数量均为固定沙丘最高。变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）为芦苇根际土壤中主要的优势细菌菌群，其中变形菌门和放线菌门在4种沙地类型中的相对丰度最高；真菌群落中的优势菌群为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basideiomycota），其中子囊菌门为主要优势菌门。不同沙地生境芦苇根际土壤的理化性质存在显著差异，有机质、碱解氮和速效磷含量均随着沙丘固定程度的增加呈增大趋势，均为丘间平地最高，固定沙丘次之，背风坡较低，迎风坡最小；土壤pH值及有机质、碱解氮和速效磷含量对芦苇根际土壤细菌和真菌群落的多样性存在较显著的影响（P<0.05）。

The structure and diversity characteristics of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of Phragmites australis were analyzed and compared by high-throughput sequencing technique. The rhizosphere soil of P. australis in four sandy habitats （semi-fixed dune windward slope， semi-fixed dune leeward slope， fixed dune， and flat land） was studied in the oasis-desert transition zone of Hexi Corridor. The results showed that the diversity of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of P. australis in the four sandy habitats was significantly different， and the OUT number of bacterial and fungal communities were the highest in fixed dunes. Proteobacteria， Actinomycetes， Firmicutes， Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were the main dominant bacterial groups in the rhizosphere soil of reed， among which Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes had the highest relative abundance. The dominant groups in fungal community were Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes， among which Ascomycetes are the main dominant phyla. The physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil of P. australis in different sandy habitats were different： The content of organic matter， alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus increased with the increase of the fixation degree of sand dunes， all of which were the highest in flat land， the second in fixed sand dunes， the lower in leeward slope and the smallest in windward slope；The soil pH， the content of organic matter， alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus significantly affected the diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of P. australis（P<0.05）.