基于2016—2020年陕西省环境空气质量监测数据，分析沙尘天气对陕西省空气质量的影响特征。结果表明：（1）陕西省域沙尘天气过程每年发生9—19次，沙尘影响日每年20—46 d；春季为沙尘天气高发季，5月和3月为高发月；沙尘天气过程发生频数空间分布整体表现为自北向南、自东向西递减。（2）各城市沙尘天气过程持续时间2—120 h，关中城市持续时长总体高于陕北和陕南城市；不同沙尘天气过程PM₁₀峰值浓度变化范围大，最高值出现在榆林（3 219 μg·m^-3）。（3）2018年沙尘天气对陕西省PM₁₀年均浓度影响最大，2020年影响最小，年均浓度绝对贡献分别为9.3 μg·m^-3 和2.9 μg·m^-3；各城市沙尘影响日超标占比66.7%—89.7%，污染等级以轻度和中度污染为主，严重和重度污染较少；榆林、延安和商洛的严重污染100%来源于沙尘天气，关中5市的严重污染20.5%—66.7%来源于沙尘天气。

Based on the monitoring data of ambient air quality in Shaanxi province from 2016 to 2020， the characteristics of dust events and their influence on air quality in Shaanxi province were analyzed. The results show that： （1） The dust events in Shaanxi province occurs 9-19 times a year， and the dust impact days are 20-46 days a year； Dust events mainly occurs in spring， with high incidence in May and March； The spatial distribution of dust events frequency decreases from north to south and from east to west. （2） The duration of the dust influence process in the cities ranges from 2 to 120 hours， and the duration in cities in Guanzhong is generally longer than that in northern Shaanxi and southern Shaanxi； The peak concentration of PM₁₀ varies widely in different dust influence processes， and the highest value appears in Yulin （3 219 μg·m^-3）. （3） Dust events has the greatest impact on the annual average concentration of PM₁₀ in Shaanxi province in 2018 and the smallest in 2020， with the absolute contribution of annual average concentration of 9.3 μg·m^-3 and 2.9 μg·m^-3， respectively. The proportion of exceeding ambient air quality standards of dust impact days in the cities is between 66.7% and 89.7%， and the pollution level is mainly light pollution and moderate pollution， with less serious pollution and severe pollution. All of the severe pollution in Yulin， Yan'an and Shangluo comes from the influence of dust events， and 20.5%-66.7% of the serious pollution in 5 cities in Guanzhong comes from the influence of dust events.