研究绿洲农田中小型土壤动物与土壤质地的关系，对保护农田生态系统多样性有重要意义。以宁夏干旱区绿洲农田为研究样地，调查了粉壤土和砂壤土的中小型土壤动物群落组成、多样性分布和功能群结构，阐明了中小型土壤动物群落结构对土壤质地的响应规律。结果表明：（1）土壤质地改变了中小型土壤动物群落组成结构。中小型土壤动物优势类群、常见类群的个体数和类群数均表现为粉壤土显著高于砂壤土（P0.05），而稀有类群的个体数和类群数均表现为两种质地土壤间无显著差异（P0.05）。（2）中小型土壤动物群落个体数和类群数表现为两种质地土壤间无显著差异（P0.05），但Shannon-Wiener多样性指数表现为粉壤土显著高于砂壤土（P0.05），而Simpson优势度指数表现为粉壤土显著低于砂壤土（P0.05）。（3）杂食性类群是粉壤土中小型土壤动物的主要营养类群，而植食性类群是砂壤土中小型土壤动物的主要营养类群。杂食性类群的个体数和类群数均表现为粉壤土显著高于砂壤土（P0.05）；植食性类群的个体数表现为粉壤土显著低于砂壤土（P0.05），而类群数则表现为两种质地土壤间无显著差异（P0.05）；捕食性类群、腐食性类群的个体数和类群数均表现为粉壤土显著低于砂壤土（P0.05）。（4）土壤粉粒和土壤含水量是影响中小型土壤动物群落组成、群落多样性以及功能群结构的主要环境因子。综上说明，中小型土壤动物的群落结构和功能群结构受到土壤质地的深刻影响，粉壤土由于具有较高的粉粒含量和含水量而维持了较高的中小型土壤动物群落多样性，且具有较为丰富的杂食性类群分布；而砂壤土则表现为具有单优势类群的分布特征，且以植食性类群为主。

It is of great significance to study the relationship between soil meso- and micro-fauna and soil texture in oasis farmland to protect the diversity of farmland ecosystem. Taking the oasis farmland in the arid region of Ningxia as the study plot， the community composition， diversity and functional groups structure of soil fauna in silty loam and sandy loam were investigated， and the response laws of soil fauna to soil texture were clarified. The results showed that： （1） The soil texture changed the composition of soil meso- and micro-fauna community. The number of individuals and taxa of the dominant groups and the common groups of soil meso- and micro-fauna in silty loam were significantly higher than those in sandy loam （P0.05）， while there was no significant difference of the number of individuals and taxa in rare groups between the two soils （P0.05）. （2） There was no significant difference in the number of individuals and taxa of soil meso- and micro-fauna community between the two soils （P0.05）. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of soil meso- and micro-fauna in silty loam was significantly higher than that in sandy loam （P0.05）， while the Simpson dominance index in silty loam was significantly lower than that in sandy loam （P0.05）. （3） The main trophic groups of soil meso- and micro-fauna in silty loam was omnivore， while those in sandy loam was herbivore. The number of individuals and taxa of omnivore in silty loam were significantly higher than those in sandy loam （P0.05）. The number of individuals of herbivore in silty loam was significantly lower than that in sandy loam （P0.05）， and there was no significant difference of the number of taxa between the two soils （P0.05）. The number of individuals and taxa of predator and saprophage in silty loam were significantly lower than those in sandy loam （P0.05）. （4） The soil silt and water content were the main environmental factors affecting the community composition， diversity and functional groups of soil meso- and micro-fauna. In conclusion， the community structure and functional groups structure of soil meso- and micro-fauna were profoundly affected by soil texture， and silty loam maintained a high diversity of soil meso- and micro-fauna community and had a relatively rich distribution of omnivorous groups due to its high silt content and water content. The sandy loam showed the distribution characteristics of a single dominant taxa， and the herbivorous taxa were the main ones.