为探究数字经济对黄河流域产业结构转型升级的影响，在黄河流域数字经济空间演变特征分析的基础上，运用黄河流域118个地级市（自治州、盟）2000—2022年面板数据，实证检验数字经济对黄河流域产业结构转型升级的影响。结果表明：数字经济对黄河流域产业结构整体转型升级和黄河流域产业结构高级化产生显著正向影响，有效地促进了黄河流域产业升级；但对黄河流域产业结构合理化的促进作用不显著，对产业结构转型影响不显著。中介效应检验结果显示，数字经济能够通过实现消费结构升级和提升科技创新水平推动黄河流域产业结构整体升级和产业结构高级化。调节效应分析表明，环境规制在数字经济和产业结构整体转型升级的关系中发挥着负向调节作用；异质性分析表明，数字经济对黄河流域产业结构整体转型升级的促进作用在数字经济发展水平高的地区更加显著；经济后果检验结果显示，数字经济不仅促进了黄河流域产业结构转型升级，最终还提升了黄河流域的绿色经济效率。研究结论不仅丰富了数字经济及其经济后果的研究，也为区域产业结构转型升级和高质量发展提供理论指导和决策参考。

This study explores the impact of the digital economy on the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure in the Yellow River Basin. Using panel data from 118 prefecture-level cities in China's Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2022， we empirically examine the effects of the digital economy on the transformation and upgrading of the region’s industrial structure， based on an analysis of the spatial evolution characteristics of the digital economy. Our findings indicate that the digital economy exerts a significant positive impact on the overall transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure in the Yellow River Basin， particularly on industrial upgrading， thus contributing effectively to the region's industrial advancement. However， the digital economy does not show a significant effect on the rationalization of the industrial structure， nor does it significantly influence the structural transformation. The mediation effect analysis suggests that the digital economy promotes the overall upgrading of the industrial structure in the Yellow River Basin through the improvement of the consumption structure and the enhancement of technological innovation. The results of the moderation effect test reveal that environmental regulation negatively moderates the overall transformation and upgrading process of the digital economy and industrial structure. The heterogeneity analysis further demonstrates that the effect of the digital economy on the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure is more pronounced in regions with advanced digital economic development. Finally， the economic consequence analysis reveals that the digital economy has significantly enhanced the green economic efficiency of the Yellow River Basin， following the transformation and upgrading of its industrial structure. These findings not only enrich the literature on the digital economy and its economic implications but also provide theoretical insights and policy recommendations for regional industrial transformation and high-quality development.