Evaporative fractions and soil moisture thresholds in typical vegetation types of arid and semi-arid regions

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00057

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 289-299.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00057

Evaporative fractions and soil moisture thresholds in typical vegetation types of arid and semi-arid regions

Haixian Wang¹^,²(), Yongyong Zhang¹^,²(), Wenrong Kang¹^,², Jianhua Xiao¹^,², Shumin Wang¹^,², Shue Wei¹^,², Shaoxiong Wu³

^1.Linze Inland River Basin Research Station，Chinese Ecosystem Research Network / State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China
^2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China
^3.Jingdezhen Meteorological Bureau，Jingdezhen 333000，Jiangxi，China

Received:2025-01-20 Revised:2025-03-13 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-26
Contact: Yongyong Zhang

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the seasonal dynamics of evapotranspiration fraction （EF） in typical vegetation types and its response mechanisms to soil moisture and meteorological factors in arid and semi-arid regions， this study utilized long-term observational data from 24 FLUXNET sites representing four vegetation types （woody savanna， savanna， open shrubland， and grassland）. Classical statistical methods were employed to quantify EF characteristics and its influencing factors， while threshold regression models combined with the Akaike Information Criterion （AIC） were applied to identify soil moisture thresholds and optimal fitting models. The results demonstrated that the monthly mean EF in arid and semi-arid regions was 0.31， with the highest value observed in woody savanna （0.36） and the lowest in open shrubland （0.21）， indicating energy partitioning dominated by sensible heat flux. EF exhibited pronounced seasonal variability， with open shrubland showing the strongest fluctuations （Cv = 0.37）. Soil moisture emerged as the key regulatory factor for EF （r = 0.66， P < 0.05）， with nonlinear threshold effects： the response patterns of EF to soil moisture diverged significantly before and after critical thresholds （4.73%-15.98%）， and the "stepwise segmented" model was consistently identified as the optimal fitting model.

Key words: arid and semi-arid regions, evaporative fraction, soil moisture, soil moisture threshold

CLC Number:

Q948

Haixian Wang, Yongyong Zhang, Wenrong Kang, Jianhua Xiao, Shumin Wang, Shue Wei, Shaoxiong Wu. Evaporative fractions and soil moisture thresholds in typical vegetation types of arid and semi-arid regions[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(6): 289-299.

Figures/Tables 10

References 68

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序号	土地覆盖类型（IGBP）	定义
1	稀疏灌木林（OSH）	覆盖度10%~60%，高度低于2 m，常绿或落叶的木本植被用地
2	稀树草原（SAV）	森林覆盖度10%~30%，高度超过2 m，和草本植被或其他林下植被系统组合的混合用地类型
3	有林草地（WSA）	森林覆盖度30%~60%，高度超过2 m，和草本植被或其他林下植被系统组成的混合用地类型
4	草地（GRA）	由草本植被类型覆盖，森林和灌木覆盖度小于10%

序号	土地覆盖类型（IGBP）	定义
1	稀疏灌木林（OSH）	覆盖度10%~60%，高度低于2 m，常绿或落叶的木本植被用地
2	稀树草原（SAV）	森林覆盖度10%~30%，高度超过2 m，和草本植被或其他林下植被系统组合的混合用地类型
3	有林草地（WSA）	森林覆盖度30%~60%，高度超过2 m，和草本植被或其他林下植被系统组成的混合用地类型
4	草地（GRA）	由草本植被类型覆盖，森林和灌木覆盖度小于10%

序号	站点ID	站点名称	纬度	经度	植被	年均降水量/mm	观测时间	干旱指数
1	US-SRM	Santa Rita Mesquite	31°49′N	110°52′W	WSA	380	2004—2014	0.18
2	AU-RDF	Red Dirt Melon Farm, Northern Territory	14°33′S	132°28′E	WSA	—	2011—2013	0.40
3	AU-Gin	Gingin	31°22′S	115°42′E	WSA	502	2011—2014	0.32
4	AU-ASM	Alice Springs	22°16′S	133°15′E	SAV	320	2010—2014	0.15
5	AU-Dry	Dry River	15°15′S	132°22′E	SAV	330	2008—2014	0.16
6	AU-DaS	Daly River Savanna	14°09′S	131°23′E	SAV	470	2008—2014	0.58
7	AU-Cpr	Calperum	34°00′S	140°35′E	SAV	390	2010—2014	0.12
8	US-Whs	Walnut Gulch Lucky Hills Shrub	31°44′N	110°03′W	OSH	320	2007—2014	0.34
9	US-SRC	Santa Rita Creosote	31°54′N	110°50′W	OSH	330	2008—2014	0.48
10	CA-SF3	Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, forest burned in 1998	54°05′N	106°00′W	OSH	336	2001—2006	0.12
11	US-Wkg	Walnut Gulch Kendall Grasslands	31°44′N	109°56′W	GRA	407	2004—2014	0.17
12	US-Var	Vaira Ranch-Ione	38°24′N	120°57′W	GRA	—	2000—2014	0.33
13	US-SRG	Santa Rita Grassland	31°47′N	110°49′W	GRA	420	2008—2014	0.22
14	US-AR2	ARM USDA UNL OSU Woodward Switchgrass 2	36°38′N	99°36′W	GRA	411	2009—2012	0.30
15	US-AR1	ARM USDA UNL OSU Woodward Switchgrass 1	36°25′N	99°25′W	GRA	508	2009—2012	0.30
16	IT-MBo	Monte Bondone	46°00′N	11°03′E	GRA	—	2003—2013	0.38
17	CN-Sw2	Siziwang Grazed (SZWG)	41°47′N	111°54′E	GRA	303	2010—2012	0.15
18	CN-Cng	Changling	44°35′N	123°30′E	GRA	400	2007—2010	0.31
19	AU-Ync	Jaxa	34°59′N	146°17′E	GRA	250	2012—2014	0.23
20	AU-TTE	Ti Tree East	22°17′S	133°38′E	GRA	278	2012—2014	0.09
21	AU-Stp	Sturt Plains	17°09′S	133°21′E	GRA	579	2008—2014	0.23
22	AU-Rig	Riggs Creek	36°39′S	145°34′E	GRA	445	2011—2014	0.37
23	AU-Emr	Emerald	23°51′S	148°28′E	GRA	568	2011—2013	0.28
24	AU-DaP	Daly River Pasture	14°03′S	131°19′E	GRA	—	2007—2013	0.50

序号	站点ID	站点名称	纬度	经度	植被	年均降水量/mm	观测时间	干旱指数
1	US-SRM	Santa Rita Mesquite	31°49′N	110°52′W	WSA	380	2004—2014	0.18
2	AU-RDF	Red Dirt Melon Farm, Northern Territory	14°33′S	132°28′E	WSA	—	2011—2013	0.40
3	AU-Gin	Gingin	31°22′S	115°42′E	WSA	502	2011—2014	0.32
4	AU-ASM	Alice Springs	22°16′S	133°15′E	SAV	320	2010—2014	0.15
5	AU-Dry	Dry River	15°15′S	132°22′E	SAV	330	2008—2014	0.16
6	AU-DaS	Daly River Savanna	14°09′S	131°23′E	SAV	470	2008—2014	0.58
7	AU-Cpr	Calperum	34°00′S	140°35′E	SAV	390	2010—2014	0.12
8	US-Whs	Walnut Gulch Lucky Hills Shrub	31°44′N	110°03′W	OSH	320	2007—2014	0.34
9	US-SRC	Santa Rita Creosote	31°54′N	110°50′W	OSH	330	2008—2014	0.48
10	CA-SF3	Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, forest burned in 1998	54°05′N	106°00′W	OSH	336	2001—2006	0.12
11	US-Wkg	Walnut Gulch Kendall Grasslands	31°44′N	109°56′W	GRA	407	2004—2014	0.17
12	US-Var	Vaira Ranch-Ione	38°24′N	120°57′W	GRA	—	2000—2014	0.33
13	US-SRG	Santa Rita Grassland	31°47′N	110°49′W	GRA	420	2008—2014	0.22
14	US-AR2	ARM USDA UNL OSU Woodward Switchgrass 2	36°38′N	99°36′W	GRA	411	2009—2012	0.30
15	US-AR1	ARM USDA UNL OSU Woodward Switchgrass 1	36°25′N	99°25′W	GRA	508	2009—2012	0.30
16	IT-MBo	Monte Bondone	46°00′N	11°03′E	GRA	—	2003—2013	0.38
17	CN-Sw2	Siziwang Grazed (SZWG)	41°47′N	111°54′E	GRA	303	2010—2012	0.15
18	CN-Cng	Changling	44°35′N	123°30′E	GRA	400	2007—2010	0.31
19	AU-Ync	Jaxa	34°59′N	146°17′E	GRA	250	2012—2014	0.23
20	AU-TTE	Ti Tree East	22°17′S	133°38′E	GRA	278	2012—2014	0.09
21	AU-Stp	Sturt Plains	17°09′S	133°21′E	GRA	579	2008—2014	0.23
22	AU-Rig	Riggs Creek	36°39′S	145°34′E	GRA	445	2011—2014	0.37
23	AU-Emr	Emerald	23°51′S	148°28′E	GRA	568	2011—2013	0.28
24	AU-DaP	Daly River Pasture	14°03′S	131°19′E	GRA	—	2007—2013	0.50

植被类型	统计指标
植被类型	平均值	标准差	变异系数	最大值	最小值
有林草地	0.31	0.08	0.27	0.45	0.23
稀树草原	0.36	0.09	0.27	0.49	0.23
稀疏灌木林	0.25	0.09	0.37	0.43	0.17
草地	0.33	0.03	0.09	0.40	0.29
干旱半干旱区典型植被	0.31	0.08	0.26	0.49	0.17

Evaporative fractions and soil moisture thresholds in typical vegetation types of arid and semi-arid regions

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植被类型	土壤水分	气温	短波辐射	长波辐射	饱和水汽压差	降水量
有林草地	0.716^*	-0.237^*	-0.502^*	0.059	-0.554^*	0.670^*
稀树草原	0.576^*	0.191^*	-0.227^*	0.547^*	-0.374^*	0.376^*
稀疏灌木林	0.733^*	-0.469^*	-0.600^*	-0.263^*	-0.606^*	0.587^*
草地	0.779^*	-0.357^*	-0.438^*	-0.073	-0.595^*	0.606^*

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[6]	Ting Ning, Dinghai Zhang, Youyi Zhao, Jing Jiang. Relationship between soil moisture and topography and vegetation in the Tengger Desert [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2024, 44(5): 133-142.
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[8]	Hanyong Ding, Hanqing Kang, Jingjing Lv. Impact of soil moisture products on the simulation results of super sandstorms during March of 2021 in North China [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2024, 44(2): 172-184.
[9]	Zhaoen Han, Wei Cui, Jinrong Li, Guodong Tang, Jun Zhang. Effect of soil moisture content on wind erosion rate of frozen aeolian sand [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2024, 44(1): 228-234.
[10]	Yanxia Pan, Yang Zhao, Zhishan Zhang. The influence of eco-mat laying on sand fixation and soil temperature and humidity [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2023, 43(5): 186-193.
[11]	Shanling Cheng, Haipeng Yu, Yu Ren, Jie Zhou, Hongyu Luo, Chenxi Liu, Yongqi Gong. Research progress on the influence mechanism of climate anomalies in arid and semi-arid regions in China [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2023, 43(3): 21-35.
[12]	Yuxi Wei, Lijuan Chen, Haiyang Xi, Chengqi Zhang, Kaiyuan Gan, Tian Yong, Jinxia Zhang. Spatial differentiation of soil moisture and conductivity in Shiyang River Basin [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2023, 43(3): 264-273.
[13]	Guangyu Hong, Xiaojiang Wang, Tieshan Liu, Hailong, Zhenting Wu, Huercha, Xiaowei Gao, Haifeng Yang, Zhuofan Li, Zihao Li, Siqin, Lejun Wang. Applicability of Hydrus-*1D Model in simulating the soil moisture in Hedysarum leave* in Mu Us Sandy Land， China** [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2022, 42(6): 233-242.
[14]	Lin Li, Hu Liu, Chengpeng Sun, Wenzhi Zhao. Groundwater evapotranspiration estimation based on soil moisture and water table measurements [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2022, 42(6): 277-287.
[15]	Chunyan Zhao, Jie Qin, Xiaohui He, Dongmeng Zhou. Effects of sand burial on typical desert plants [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2022, 42(5): 63-72.