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Journal of Desert Research ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 206-219.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00136

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Multi-scale characteristics and driving factors of trade-off / synergy of ecosystem services in the ecological conservation area of western Beijing

Lutong Wan1(), Xiaodan Liu2, Hanqing Guo1(), Wanlai Xue2, Kexuan Liu2, Jin Li3, Lili Wang4, Honghao Liu5   

  1. 1.College of Forestry,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China
    2.Beijing Institute of Water Science and Technology,Beijing 100048,China
    3.Beijing Center for Water Ecological Protection and Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing 101117,China
    4.Beijing North Canal Management Office,Beijing 101100,China
    5.Fengtai District Water Supply and Drainage Management Office,Beijing 101100,China
  • Received:2025-04-11 Revised:2025-06-26 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-26
  • Contact: Hanqing Guo

Abstract:

Exploring the dynamic changes and driving mechanisms of ecosystem service functions can provide scientific references for the implementation of regional ecosystem protection and restoration. A large number of studies have described the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services within a single scale in a region, but research on the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services at multiple scales and the differences in the impacts among multiple ecosystem services is still lacking. This paper takes the ecological conservation area of western Beijing as the research object, uses four periods of remote sensing data from 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2023, and quantifies four major ecosystem service functions, including water yield, carbon storage, soil retention, and habitat quality, using models such as InVEST. The Geographically Weighted Regression model and the Optimal Geodetector model are used to analyze the trade-offs and synergies at different scales. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2023, the habitat quality in the ecological conservation area of western Beijing remained basically unchanged, while water yield and soil retention increased by 2.96×108 m3 and 1.69×108 t respectively, and carbon storage decreased by 3×106 t. The areas with the most significant reduction mainly involved Xiaoyunling Township, Liangzhuang Township, and Douzhen Town in Fangshan District. Spatially, the high-value areas of ecosystem services were mainly distributed in the northern and northwestern parts of the study area, while the low-value areas were mainly located in the southeastern part. (2) Overall, the ecosystem services in the ecological conservation area of western Beijing were mainly synergistic; spatially, the area of synergy between each service was greater than the area of trade-off, and the area of trade-off decreased continuously with the expansion of the scale. (3) Elevation and evapotranspiration were the main factors affecting the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services in the study area, and the interaction between each factor and elevation and annual average evapotranspiration showed strong explanatory power. The research results reveal the spatio-temporal evolution trend of the ecosystem service supply capacity in the ecological conservation area of western Beijing, as well as the degree of trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services at different scales, providing a scientific basis for the ecological protection and restoration of the ecological conservation area of western Beijing.

Key words: InVEST model, ecosystem service function, trade-off/synergy, driving factors, western Beijing

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