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JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH  2008, Vol. 28 Issue (2): 294-300    DOI:
生物土壤与生态     
Breeding System of Two Ephemeral Species of Lappula and their Adaptations to Desert Environment

ZHAO Xue-jie; TAN Dun-yan; LI Xin-rong

Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
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Abstract  

Lappula duplicicarpa and L. semiglabra(Boraginaceae)are early-spring ephemerals common in the Junggar Desert. They produce heteromorphic fruits, and nutlets developed from each flower differ in their morphology, pattern of detachment and method and distance of dispersal. The proportion of heteromorphic fruits may differ between infructescences. The following questions were asked about these two species: ①Is there a direct relationship between breeding system and production of heteromorphic fruits? ②How are the breeding system characteristics adapted to the Junggar Desert environment? The results are as follows: ①Flowers of both species are bisexual. The flower morphology, pollen number, ovule number or P/O ratio of individual flowers or of the “population” of flowers in the inflorescence had no direct relationship to the production of heteromorphic nutlets. ②The anthesis of individual flowers in both species lasted about 24 h and was not affected by weather conditions. ③The fertility rates of pollen were (91.0±4.7)% (mean±SE) in L. duplicicarpa and (93.2±4.3)% in L. semiglabra. ④In both species, the pollen viability was low at the beginning of anther dehiscence (71% in L. duplicicarpa and 65% in L. semiglabra), and the survivorship (viability) curves for pollen were similar. The optimal pollination period was 0~2 h and 0~3 h after anthesis in L. duplicicarpa and L. semiglabra, respectively, and the optimal stigma receptivity for both species was 0~3 h after anthesis. Thus, the optimal pollination period was highly correlated with the period of high stigma receptivity. ⑤The P/O ratios of L. duplicicarpa and L. semiglabra were 1 222±197 and 3 419±426, respectively. The breeding system of both species is facultative mixed, which is consistent with the results of bagging experiments and with observation on pollen tube growth in stigmas of selfed flowers using fluorescence microscopy. Thus, we conclude that the breeding system of L. duplicicarpa and L. semiglabra ensure reproductive success of both species in the unpredictable environment of the Junggar Desert.

Key words:  desert ephemerals      Boraginaceae      heteromorphic fruits      floral syndrome      plant breeding system     
Received:  05 February 2007      Published:  20 March 2008
ZTFLH:  Q945.5  
Articles by authors
ZHAO Xue-jie
TAN Dun-yan
LI Xin-rong

Cite this article: 

ZHAO Xue-jie;TAN Dun-yan;LI Xin-rong. Breeding System of Two Ephemeral Species of Lappula and their Adaptations to Desert Environment. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2008, 28(2): 294-300.

URL: 

http://www.desert.ac.cn/EN/     OR     http://www.desert.ac.cn/EN/Y2008/V28/I2/294

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