| Desert and Desertification |
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| Transition Model of Saltation Bombardment |
| ZHAO Jian-hua1,2, ZHANG Qiang1,2, LONG Xiao2 |
1.Lanzhou (Open) Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province (China Meteorological Administrator), Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, CMA, Lanzhou 730020, China;
2.College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China |
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Abstract Dust emission by saltation bombardment is the most important dust emission way. Lu H and Shao YP ever presented a wonderful model of volume removal to predict dust emission rate. In consideration of its deficiency, we, however, from another point of view, brings forward a transition model to predict dust emission. The transition model of dust emission is an analogy of electron transition, which results from a detailed analysis of the stress transferring process on sand bed. According to this transition model, a particle on the bed will be released if energy transferred to it from the impacting particle through the bed, is bigger than the "transition" energy, which is the least energy to eject a particle into air, and the remained energy of the ejected particle is converted to its initial kinetic energy. Thus the expressions of the number of ejected particles, their velocity distributions and the shapes of bombardment crater in two-dimension and three-dimension situations are then easily obtained based on the transition model. And the dust emission by saltation bombardment then becomes an issue to research into the transition energy and the energy distribution around the point where collision happens. In this paper we introduce two methods, namely, the method of absorption coefficient and the method of transport equation, to approximate the energy distribution. The images of the two-dimension craters by the two methods show that the crater is big (or small) as to big-sized (or small-sized) particles and a big (or small) number of ejected particles, and collapse may appear with the crater's formation. And of the method of absorption coefficient, the crater expands with the increase of absorption coefficient at the outset, but shrinks when absorption coefficient is bigger than a certain value. Of the method of transport equation, the crater always seems to expand with kt, an important parameter of this method.
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Received: 26 August 2011
Published: 20 March 2012
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2012, Vol. 32 
