Abstract: The Houshan region in Inner Mongolia and Bashang region in Hebei Province are two most fragile ecological zones in northern China.In these areas economical development is still in a lower level due to unreasonable industrial structure and serious land desertification.To establish a benign structure for ecologically and economically harmonious development some measures have to be adopted,such as establishing medium-small enterprise group;cutting down cultivation land but increasing afforestation and pasture areas;strengthening capital construction and actively developing second and third industries etc.

Key words: Ecological fragile zone, Economical structure, Adjustment