Soil hydrothermal dynamics and nitrate leaching characteristics in farmland in desert oasis

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00080

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 245-257.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00080

Soil hydrothermal dynamics and nitrate leaching characteristics in farmland in desert oasis

Jing Li¹^,²(), Zhibin He²(), Jianbing Wang¹, Dengke Ma²^,³, Lisha Wang²^,³

^1.Gansu Academy of Social Sciences，Lanzhou 730070，China
^2.Linze Inland River Basin Research / Key Laboratory of Inland River Basin Science，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China
^3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049. China

Received:2022-05-24 Revised:2022-07-01 Online:2022-09-20 Published:2022-09-22
Contact: Zhibin He

Abstract

Abstract:

Irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application are the key measures to ensure farmland production in arid desert areas， but excessive nitrogen fertilizer will leach into deep soil or groundwater， resulting in nitrogen loss and groundwater pollution. In this study， two kinds of farmland soils with different reclamation years in the desert oasis transition zone in the middle reaches of Heihe River were taken as the research objects. Through soil column simulation experiment， the dynamic changes of soil moisture and temperature and the leaching law of nitrate nitrogen in maize growth period and leisure period were monitored and analyzed， and the differences of nitrate nitrogen loss in farmland soils with different cultivation years were revealed. The results showed that the soil water leakage and nitrate leaching of Newly cultivated sandy cropland mainly occurred in the seedling stage to elongation stage and the fallow stage. The annual loss of deep leakage ranged from 97.65 mm to 105.1 mm， accounting for 12%-13% of the total annual irrigation water （810 mm）. The annual loss of NO $3 -$ -N leaching ranged from 68.1 kg·hm^-2 to 123.8 kg·hm^-2， accounting for 18.7%-34.2% of the total annual nitrogen application. Irrigation in fallow period led to the accumulation of a large amount of nitrogen leaching in the soil during the growth period， and the NO $3 -$ -N leaching loss was 2.2 times of that in the current growth period. Under the same irrigation and fertilization conditions， there were no deep seepage and NO $3 -$ -N leaching occurred in the old oasis farmland. Moreover， the “water preservation” effect of old oasis farmland was better than newly cultivated sandy cropland. Therefore， we suggested that reduce the irrigation frequency or irrigation quota in spring during the growing period of newly cultivated sandy farmland， and reduce irrigation quota or no winter irrigation in winter fallow period， so as to ensure the optimal utilization of irrigation water resources and reduce nitrogen leaching loss in farmland.

Key words: oasis farmland, moisture content, temperature, nitrate nitrogen, leakage, leaching

CLC Number:

S274.3

Jing Li, Zhibin He, Jianbing Wang, Dengke Ma, Lisha Wang. Soil hydrothermal dynamics and nitrate leaching characteristics in farmland in desert oasis[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2022, 42(5): 245-257.

Figures/Tables 13

References 24

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农田类型	土质	土层深度/cm	砂粒/%	粉粒/%	黏粒/%	容重/(g·cm^-3)
新绿洲农田	灌耕风沙土	0—20	88.3	9.7	2.0	1.4
		20—40	92.4	6.4	1.2	1.5
		40—60	93.6	5.6	0.8	1.5
		60—80	92.0	6.9	1.1	1.4
		80—100	91.6	7.3	1.1	1.4
老绿洲农田	灌耕灰棕漠土	0—20	65.5	18.2	16.3	1.5
		20—40	76.7	11.5	11.8	1.6
		40—60	87.6	4.9	7.5	1.6
		60—80	91.8	2.3	5.8	1.6
		80—100	92.3	2.1	5.6	1.6

农田类型	土质	土层深度/cm	砂粒/%	粉粒/%	黏粒/%	容重/(g·cm^-3)
新绿洲农田	灌耕风沙土	0—20	88.3	9.7	2.0	1.4
		20—40	92.4	6.4	1.2	1.5
		40—60	93.6	5.6	0.8	1.5
		60—80	92.0	6.9	1.1	1.4
		80—100	91.6	7.3	1.1	1.4
老绿洲农田	灌耕灰棕漠土	0—20	65.5	18.2	16.3	1.5
		20—40	76.7	11.5	11.8	1.6
		40—60	87.6	4.9	7.5	1.6
		60—80	91.8	2.3	5.8	1.6
		80—100	92.3	2.1	5.6	1.6

农田类型	土质	土层深度 /cm	pH	电导率EC /(mS·cm^-1)	有机碳SOC /(g·kg^-1)	全氮TN /(g·kg^-1)	全磷TP /(g·kg^-1)	全钾TK /(g·kg^-1)
新绿洲农田	灌耕风沙土	0—20	8.04	0.11	4.88	0.62	0.49	17.79
		20—40	8.09	0.12	4.43	0.58	0.38	17.65
		40—60	8.76	0.23	3.70	0.51	0.44	17.46
		60—100	8.79	0.20	1.26	0.22	0.27	17.15
		100—140	8.87	0.19	0.67	0.17	0.26	17.12
		140—180	8.93	0.20	0.59	0.12	0.20	16.89
老绿洲农田	灌耕灰棕漠土	0—20	8.15	0.12	6.54	0.82	0.95	34.56
		20—40	8.21	0.13	5.42	0.81	0.87	35.14
		40—60	9.05	0.13	4.97	0.73	0.89	29.68
		60—100	9.13	0.13	3.34	0.45	0.74	28.59
		100—140	9.10	0.14	2.94	0.28	0.69	22.58
		140—180	8.99	0.17	2.77	0.20	0.57	19.58

农田类型	土质	土层深度 /cm	pH	电导率EC /(mS·cm^-1)	有机碳SOC /(g·kg^-1)	全氮TN /(g·kg^-1)	全磷TP /(g·kg^-1)	全钾TK /(g·kg^-1)
新绿洲农田	灌耕风沙土	0—20	8.04	0.11	4.88	0.62	0.49	17.79
		20—40	8.09	0.12	4.43	0.58	0.38	17.65
		40—60	8.76	0.23	3.70	0.51	0.44	17.46
		60—100	8.79	0.20	1.26	0.22	0.27	17.15
		100—140	8.87	0.19	0.67	0.17	0.26	17.12
		140—180	8.93	0.20	0.59	0.12	0.20	16.89
老绿洲农田	灌耕灰棕漠土	0—20	8.15	0.12	6.54	0.82	0.95	34.56
		20—40	8.21	0.13	5.42	0.81	0.87	35.14
		40—60	9.05	0.13	4.97	0.73	0.89	29.68
		60—100	9.13	0.13	3.34	0.45	0.74	28.59
		100—140	9.10	0.14	2.94	0.28	0.69	22.58
		140—180	8.99	0.17	2.77	0.20	0.57	19.58

农田	土层/cm	4月
新绿洲农田	0—20	39.50±0.91^c	35.39±1.35^cd	29.33±0.67^cd	24.02±1.20^cd	31.43±1.76^bc	30.47±2.12^cd
	20—40	30.51±8.31^de	28.82±5.62^e	19.64±1.66^e	9.80±8.89^d	17.61±15.91^d	19.12±17.39^d
	40—60	24.59±2.22^e	27.82±1.62^e	20.84±1.28^e	13.08±0.89^d	15.01±13.02^d	24.08±1.72^cd
	60—80	27.97±0.73^de	33.51±2.71^de	24.98±6.31^de	29.26±9.79^bc	26.96±1.48^cd	32.84±5.71^c
	80—100	26.83±1.90^e	31.07±0.85^de	26.48±0.95^de	18.92±6.24^cd	21.49±4.30^cd	25.87±0.27^cd
	100—120	33.56±1.90^cd	35.14±1.61^cd	31.55±2.55^cd	19.90±2.20^cd	24.56±2.24^cd	30.32±1.56^cd
	120—140	38.18±1.81^cd	38.21±1.61^c	36.93±2.70^c	24.80±3.08^cd	26.16±2.95^cd	33.97±1.65^bc
	140—160	49.25±4.14^b	49.24±4.11^b	48.68±4.97^b	34.44±1.71^ab	33.30±2.67^ab	44.92±2.56^b
	160—180	65.41±3.53^a	66.73±4.43^a	67.09±4.48^a	44.46±6.42^a	41.49±6.42^a	62.02±4.23^a
老绿洲农田	0—20	41.04±5.56^b	44.43±7.33^b	43.69±7.6^ab	33.44±6.79^b	37.16±3.96^a	35.71±5.15^b
	20—40	45.07±6.08^b	46.84±7.80^b	44.59±6.27^ab	32.85±3.13^b	37.82±4.29^a	39.07±7.89^ab
	40—60	50.12±5.87^a	55.27±7.50^ab	52.15±7.23^ab	37.39±5.49^b	42.23±4.30^a	47.56±9.18^ab
	60—80	49.78±1.10^ab	55.10±1.88^ab	52.08±1.48^ab	38.86±2.10^b	41.39±1.28^a	48.74±1.83^ab
	80—100	48.51±3.66^ab	52.89±2.90^ab	52.24±4.55^ab	38.90±3.64^b	39.31±2.31^a	46.69±1.07^ab
	100—120	49.87±7.37^ab	52.97±7.01^ab	52.33±6.67^ab	43.61±9.05^ab	42.33±8.65^a	45.94±6.77^ab
	120—140	46.99±7.20^ab	47.96±7.71^b	48.39±8.54^ab	39.20±12.48^b	36.81±9.34^a	39.93±6.25^ab
	140—160	48.43±4.08^ab	52.96±4.29^ab	55.06±3.77^a	49.95±14.70^ab	37.72±7.42^a	41.81±6.32^ab
	160 —180	35.36±11.12^b	37.03±12.95^b	38.38±14.08^b	30.90±16.94^b	23.02±12.56^a	50.42±11.77^a

Soil hydrothermal dynamics and nitrate leaching characteristics in farmland in desert oasis

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Figures/Tables 13

References 24

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农田	土层/cm	4月
新绿洲农田	0—20	38.24±3.14^c	34.02±2.40^d	25.34±1.63^e	28.60±1.48^cd	31.62±0.92^c	39.67±0.09^c
	20—40	27.24±1.22^g	24.13±0.07^f	17.84±0.30^f	20.50±0.07^e	23.66±1.47^f	24.32±4.41^ef
	40—60	30.24±1.00^f	24.13±2.12^f	18.06±2.52^f	19.10±2.12^e	22.76±0.40^f	21.13±0.99^f
	60—80	36.24±0.38^cd	32.58±0.05^d	27.47±0.51^de	26.64±0.05^d	30.25±3.51^cd	28.69±3.99^de
	80—100	32.24±0.36^ef	28.98±0.65^e	25.91±1.09^e	20.75±0.65^e	25.41±2.17^ef	24.80±2.71^ef
	100—120	34.24±1.03^de	32.57±1.01^d	31.30±0.42^d	26.27±1.01^d	27.78±2.34^de	26.26±1.71^ef
	120—140	38.24±0.61^c	37.79±0.15^c	37.40±1.42^c	31.78±0.15^c	32.18±2.78^c	33.01±4.20^d
	140—160	49.24±1.78^b	49.41±0.54^b	51.55±6.30^b	43.09±0.54^b	44.14±0.92^b	44.95±2.89^b
	160—180	68.24±1.05^a	65.21±0.42^a	66.20±0.05^a	64.97±0.42^a	66.82±1.20^a	62.10±0.88^a
老绿洲农田	0—20	46.84±1.70^a	40.98±1.04^ab	33.25±0.83^ab	30.41±0.68^a	32.47±1.20^ab	32.74±3.50^b
	20—40	47.62±2.51^a	46.10±3.49^ab	39.95±2.95^ab	34.26±2.32^a	36.32±3.18^ab	36.90±2.70^ab
	40—60	50.73±3.04^a	52.51±3.61^a	49.82±3.06^a	42.74±1.86^a	45.32±3.40^a	44.52±3.30^ab
	60—80	47.24±0.12^a	49.96±1.05^ab	49.10±1.44^a	42.34±2.36^a	43.93±3.03^a	43.88±3.70^ab
	80—100	44.90±3.02^a	47.96±3.87^ab	48.44±3.78^ab	42.65±4.97^a	43.38±5.40^a	43.32±5.70^ab
	100—120	45.43±7.52^a	47.39±7.12^ab	49.71±6.52^a	45.65±8.47^a	44.89±8.89^a	45.34±8.90^a
	120—140	43.35±4.66^a	44.27±3.39^ab	47.65±1.90^ab	46.84±6.80^a	46.63±8.20^a	46.86±7.60^a
	140—160	26.36±23.30^a	26.79±23.70^b	29.85±26.14^b	29.49±25.90^a	39.78±7.87^ab	38.62±9.40^ab
	160—180	30.10±26.27^a	30.14±26.29^ab	49.46±5.39^a	48.13±4.18^a	47.31±4.31^a	46.83±4.50^a

农田	土层/cm	10月	11月	12月	1月	2月	3月
新绿洲农田	0—20	29.90±2.33^c	35.9±0.77^a	20.62±1.59^b	18.68±2.09^bc	21.05±1.89^d	37.41±2.91^cd
	20—40	27.82±4.67^c	32.4±6.80^a	20.12±3.07^b	16.03±2.53^c	16.22±2.64^d	28.59±6.74^d
	40—60	29.40±10.09^c	33.0±10.63^a	26.26±3.93^ab	17.27±0.67^c	17.05±0.98^d	35.38±4.03^cd
	60—80	28.58±1.26^c	32.5±2.43^a	32.16±2.54^ab	20.78±2.16^bc	17.86±2.02^d	28.85±2.23^d
	80—100	26.41±1.22^c	30.3±0.31^a	31.05±0.26^ab	22.80±0.39^bc	18.38±1.40^d	27.92±1.14^d
	100—120	30.24±1.50^c	34.0±1.30^a	35.06±1.42^ab	34.91±1.77^bc	20.63±1.65^d	31.08±2.47^cd
	120—140	33.55±1.84^c	38.7±1.70^a	40.02±1.60^ab	40.54±1.66^bc	37.71±2.33^c	39.71±1.36^c
	140—160	43.86±2.46^b	49.8±3.49^a	51.43±3.61^a	51.94±3.64^a	48.46±3.23^b	50.69±3.70^b
	160—180	61.26±5.69^a	43.3±37.73^a	44.34±38.53^ab	44.58±8.74^ab	65.63±4.78^a	66.64±3.96^a
老绿洲农田	0—20	32.55±1.10^ab	44.0±5.04^a	27.71±4.20^b	24.07±2.18^b	25.82±1.52^b	40.84±1.15^d
	20—40	36.52±4.79^ab	45.3±5.52^a	39.92±5.48^a	29.86±2.70^b	28.95±1.69^b	42.78±3.69^cd
	40—60	13.45±3.29^c	47.5±2.99^a	47.49±2.88^a	39.20±5.14^a	34.03±3.52^a	45.48±2.34^cd
	60—80	41.25±0.58^a	44.8±1.03^a	46.12±0.38^a	42.61±2.22^a	34.39±2.04^a	44.30±0.48^cd
	80—100	41.26±3.62^a	42.9±2.69^a	44.42±2.83^a	43.72±3.42^a	37.51±4.74^a	43.23±3.25^bc
	100—120	44.09±7.64^a	44.6±7.50^a	45.86±7.25^a	46.13±7.35^a	44.84±7.70^a	45.10±7.71^a
	120—140	42.16±5.35^a	42.6±5.20^a	43.67±4.79^a	44.28±4.55^a	44.15±4.90^a	43.55±4.91^a
	140—160	17.07±4.14^bc	38.8±6.43^a	39.63±6.51^a	40.16±6.58^a	40.12±6.41^a	39.71±6.40^ab
	160 —180	45.48±3.96^a	44.3±4.57^a	44.98±4.77^a	45.44±4.82^a	45.66±4.86^a	45.33±4.74^a

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[3]	Shiyang Chen, Rong Yang, Yongzhong Su, Zeyu Du. Characteristics of soil respiration in farmland of Hexi oasis and its response to long-term fertilization [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2022, 42(3): 178-186.
[4]	Yulong Ren, Yi Li, Hong Li, Jing Wu, Yuanpu Liu. Application of surface energy balance equation in simulation of surface temperature in Xinjiang， China [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2021, 41(3): 137-146.
[5]	Baoyang Sun, Rui Zhou, Zhe Wang, Junbo Xiao, Jianye Ma, Chaodong Li, Bo Ma. The simulation study of wind erosion characteristics of different soils in Inner Mongolia reach of Yellow River [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(4): 120-127.
[6]	Hong Xianliang, Qu Jianjun, Zhang Jianqing, Meng Yijiang, Yang Mingquan, Huang Luying, Hong Hui. Test and evaluation methods of the useful life for HDPE net sand barriers [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(3): 1-6.
[7]	Zhao Chengzheng, Wang Yajun, Xie Zhongkui, Zhang Yubao, Guo Zhihong, Qiu Yang, Hua Cuiping, Zhou Lijing. Long-term effects of Gravel-Sand mulch on diurnal variation of soil respiration in Semi-arid Loess Plateau, China [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(2): 232-239.
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[10]	Ma Mingjie, Yang Xinghua, He Qing, Ali Mamtimin, Zhou Chenglong, Huo Wen. Characteristics of Dust Devils Activity in the Desert-oasis Ecotone of the Taklimakan Desert: A Case in Xiaotang Area [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2019, 39(2): 115-121.
[11]	Meng Yangyang, Liu Bing, Liu Chan. Dynamic Process of Water-Heat-Salt in Soil and the Mechanism in the Desert Oasis Wetland [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2019, 39(1): 149-160.
[12]	Luo Fengmin, Gao Junliang, Xin Zhiming, Hao Yuguang, Wang Lina, Li Shuai. Characteristics of Soil Temperature Variation and Influence Factors at Northeastern Margin Region of Ulan Buh Desert, China [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2019, 39(1): 179-186.
[13]	Cao Hongfang, Qin Wei, Hu Yongning, Huang Rongfeng, Qin Yan, Ji Lei, Zhang Na. Elm Tree-ring Records of Spring Mean Maximum Temperature in the Otindag Sandy Land, China [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(6): 1313-1320.
[14]	Zhang Wuying, Sun Weijun, Zhang Yulun. Wavelet Analysis and Mann-Kendall Test of Mean Air Temperature and Annual Precipitation in Linzhi, Tibet, China from 1960 to 2012 [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(5): 1086-1092.
[15]	Wang Xin, Yang Bao. Research Progresses in Reconstructions of Temperature and External Forcing Factors in China and Northern Hemisphere over the Past 2000 years [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(4): 829-840.