Journal of Desert Research ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 194-205.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00142
Weikang Shi1(
), Fang Ma2, Guoxiang Chen3, Junhuai Yang4
Received:2025-07-10
Revised:2025-09-14
Online:2025-11-20
Published:2025-11-26
CLC Number:
Weikang Shi, Fang Ma, Guoxiang Chen, Junhuai Yang. Classification and morphological characteristics of yardang landforms on Mars[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(6): 194-205.
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URL: http://www.desert.ac.cn/EN/10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00142
| 一级形态类型 | 二级形态类型 | 缩写 | 特征描述 | 图示 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
长垄状雅丹 (Long-ridge) | 顶面宽阔型长垄状雅丹 (Broad-top long-ridge) | L-B | 呈长条形,顶面宽阔,连续性较差,有明显走向,雅丹间距及两翼坡度相对较小 | |
顶面窄脊型长垄状雅丹 (Narrow-top long-ridge) | L-N | 呈长条形,顶面为窄脊状,连续性较好,有明显走向,雅丹间距及两翼坡度相对较大 | ||
顶面破碎型长垄状雅丹 (Friable-top long-ridge) | L-F | 呈长条形,顶面粗糙且破碎,连续性较好,有明显走向,雅丹间距相对较大 | ||
方山状雅丹 (Mesa) | 不规则型方山状雅丹 (Irregular mesa) | M-I | 由不规则台地组成,形状不一,顶面平坦或粗糙,无明显走向 | |
规则型方山状雅丹 (Regular mesa) | M-R | 呈长条形或菱形,顶面略粗糙,具有明显的排列方向和走向 | ||
锯齿状雅丹 (Saw-toothed) | — | S-T | 头部呈犬牙状隆起,坡度较大,走向明显,尾部连为一体或被侵蚀切割为其他类型雅丹 | |
| 金字塔状雅丹(Pyramid) | — | P-M | 呈锥形,形似金字塔,底部宽阔平坦,顶部呈尖脊状 | |
残丘状雅丹 (Remnant cone) | — | R-C | 形状不规则,多以穹状和圆形台地为主,顶部多盖层,常与其余类型雅丹共存 | |
穹状雅丹 (Dome) | 顶部平坦型穹状雅丹 (Flat-top dome) | D-F | 基部宽大,顶部较平坦,基部与顶部相均衡,长宽比大致相等 | |
顶部尖锐型穹状雅丹 (Sharp-top dome) | D-S | 基部宽大,顶部呈馒头状且多盖层,长宽比大致相等 | ||
V型雅丹 (V) | 对称型V状雅丹 (Symmetrical-V) | V-S | 呈V形,前缘隆起,尾部宽阔低矮,走向明显,前缘和两翼均有凹槽发育,凹槽较对称 | |
非对称型V状雅丹 (Asymmetric-V) | V-A | 呈V形,前缘隆起变尖,尾部宽阔低矮,前缘和两翼均有凹槽发育,凹槽不对称 | ||
双向型雅丹 (Bidirectional) | — | B-D | 雅丹体头部和尾部之间存在30°~45°的夹角 | |
拱背状雅丹 (Hogback) | 头尾尖锐型拱背状雅丹 (Sharp-head hogback) | H-S | 呈椭圆形,头尾较尖,两翼对称,背部有明显脊线,迎风坡陡峭,走向明显 | |
头部宽大型拱背状雅丹 (Wide-head hogback) | H-W | 呈流线形,头部高大宽阔,尾部呈锥形收缩,两翼对称,背部有明显脊线,迎风坡陡峭,走向明显 | ||
鲸背状雅丹 (Whaleback) | — | W-B | 呈流线形,头部高大宽阔,尾部呈锥形收缩,背部无明显脊线,两翼对称,走向明显,表面多被盐壳覆盖 | |
流线状雅丹 (Streamlined) | — | S-L | 呈流线形,头部低矮宽阔,尾部锥形收缩变细,背部无明显脊线,两翼对称,走向明显,雅丹间距较大 |
Table 1 Geomorphological classification system of Martian yardang landform
| 一级形态类型 | 二级形态类型 | 缩写 | 特征描述 | 图示 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
长垄状雅丹 (Long-ridge) | 顶面宽阔型长垄状雅丹 (Broad-top long-ridge) | L-B | 呈长条形,顶面宽阔,连续性较差,有明显走向,雅丹间距及两翼坡度相对较小 | |
顶面窄脊型长垄状雅丹 (Narrow-top long-ridge) | L-N | 呈长条形,顶面为窄脊状,连续性较好,有明显走向,雅丹间距及两翼坡度相对较大 | ||
顶面破碎型长垄状雅丹 (Friable-top long-ridge) | L-F | 呈长条形,顶面粗糙且破碎,连续性较好,有明显走向,雅丹间距相对较大 | ||
方山状雅丹 (Mesa) | 不规则型方山状雅丹 (Irregular mesa) | M-I | 由不规则台地组成,形状不一,顶面平坦或粗糙,无明显走向 | |
规则型方山状雅丹 (Regular mesa) | M-R | 呈长条形或菱形,顶面略粗糙,具有明显的排列方向和走向 | ||
锯齿状雅丹 (Saw-toothed) | — | S-T | 头部呈犬牙状隆起,坡度较大,走向明显,尾部连为一体或被侵蚀切割为其他类型雅丹 | |
| 金字塔状雅丹(Pyramid) | — | P-M | 呈锥形,形似金字塔,底部宽阔平坦,顶部呈尖脊状 | |
残丘状雅丹 (Remnant cone) | — | R-C | 形状不规则,多以穹状和圆形台地为主,顶部多盖层,常与其余类型雅丹共存 | |
穹状雅丹 (Dome) | 顶部平坦型穹状雅丹 (Flat-top dome) | D-F | 基部宽大,顶部较平坦,基部与顶部相均衡,长宽比大致相等 | |
顶部尖锐型穹状雅丹 (Sharp-top dome) | D-S | 基部宽大,顶部呈馒头状且多盖层,长宽比大致相等 | ||
V型雅丹 (V) | 对称型V状雅丹 (Symmetrical-V) | V-S | 呈V形,前缘隆起,尾部宽阔低矮,走向明显,前缘和两翼均有凹槽发育,凹槽较对称 | |
非对称型V状雅丹 (Asymmetric-V) | V-A | 呈V形,前缘隆起变尖,尾部宽阔低矮,前缘和两翼均有凹槽发育,凹槽不对称 | ||
双向型雅丹 (Bidirectional) | — | B-D | 雅丹体头部和尾部之间存在30°~45°的夹角 | |
拱背状雅丹 (Hogback) | 头尾尖锐型拱背状雅丹 (Sharp-head hogback) | H-S | 呈椭圆形,头尾较尖,两翼对称,背部有明显脊线,迎风坡陡峭,走向明显 | |
头部宽大型拱背状雅丹 (Wide-head hogback) | H-W | 呈流线形,头部高大宽阔,尾部呈锥形收缩,两翼对称,背部有明显脊线,迎风坡陡峭,走向明显 | ||
鲸背状雅丹 (Whaleback) | — | W-B | 呈流线形,头部高大宽阔,尾部呈锥形收缩,背部无明显脊线,两翼对称,走向明显,表面多被盐壳覆盖 | |
流线状雅丹 (Streamlined) | — | S-L | 呈流线形,头部低矮宽阔,尾部锥形收缩变细,背部无明显脊线,两翼对称,走向明显,雅丹间距较大 |
| 雅丹类型 | 长度/m | 宽度/m | 长宽比 | 间距/m | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | |
| L-B | 100~75 240 | 4 934.12 | 17~2 893 | 278.42 | 1.85~143.73 | 17.09 | 28~1 101 | 205.90 |
| L-N | 180~20 280 | 1 503.47 | 20~1 103 | 102.68 | 1.59~109.37 | 13.72 | 22~2 884 | 184.50 |
| L-F | 160~15 440 | 1 286.26 | 17~477 | 89.66 | 2.59~85.07 | 14.36 | 29~623 | 122.04 |
| M-I | 32~7 767 | 701.73 | 25~3 154 | 414.24 | 1.00~10.82 | 1.72 | 48~788 | 204.53 |
| M-R | 40~1 480 | 373.68 | 30~1 239 | 194.56 | 1.00~7.53 | 2.01 | 34~763 | 166.80 |
| S-T | 3~2 002 | 89.20 | 11~1 442 | 103.27 | 0.03~5.40 | 0.90 | 12~1 119 | 80.62 |
| P-M | 34~307 | 82.24 | 25~250 | 63.87 | 0.83~1.96 | 1.32 | 33~492 | 146.97 |
| R-C | 10~827 | 120.72 | 9~665 | 87.64 | 0.14~0.14 | 1.41 | — | — |
| D-S | 20~3 090 | 139.67 | 10~2 670 | 113.79 | 1~4 | 1.24 | 45~3 963 | 384.67 |
| D-F | 20~1 600 | 191.54 | 10~1 130 | 161.04 | 1~2 | 1.20 | 73~1 805 | 362.07 |
| V-S | 4~2 675 | 196.31 | 2~2 810 | 270.71 | 0.05~2.02 | 0.71 | 40~3 959 | 368.37 |
| V-A | 14~914 | 221.84 | 32~1 382 | 336.82 | 0.22~3.27 | 0.70 | 35~808 | 225.83 |
| H-S | 40~902 | 193.78 | 8~352 | 68.10 | 1.50~10.40 | 2.88 | 41~730 | 127.76 |
| H-W | 20~957 | 138.01 | 11~465 | 63.30 | 0.60~4.72 | 2.17 | 26~990 | 124.00 |
| W-B | 29~1 672 | 142.56 | 15~983 | 72.45 | 1.05~5.35 | 2.02 | 19~3 247 | 272.99 |
| S-L | 27~876 | 127.09 | 10~368 | 43.02 | 1.03~7.45 | 3.02 | 13~767 | 107.11 |
| 总体 | 3~75 240 | 739.53 | 2~3 154 | 129.50 | 0.03~143.73 | 4.37 | 12~3 963 | 209.97 |
Table 2 Statistical results for morphological parameters of Martian yardang landform
| 雅丹类型 | 长度/m | 宽度/m | 长宽比 | 间距/m | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | 范围 | 平均值 | |
| L-B | 100~75 240 | 4 934.12 | 17~2 893 | 278.42 | 1.85~143.73 | 17.09 | 28~1 101 | 205.90 |
| L-N | 180~20 280 | 1 503.47 | 20~1 103 | 102.68 | 1.59~109.37 | 13.72 | 22~2 884 | 184.50 |
| L-F | 160~15 440 | 1 286.26 | 17~477 | 89.66 | 2.59~85.07 | 14.36 | 29~623 | 122.04 |
| M-I | 32~7 767 | 701.73 | 25~3 154 | 414.24 | 1.00~10.82 | 1.72 | 48~788 | 204.53 |
| M-R | 40~1 480 | 373.68 | 30~1 239 | 194.56 | 1.00~7.53 | 2.01 | 34~763 | 166.80 |
| S-T | 3~2 002 | 89.20 | 11~1 442 | 103.27 | 0.03~5.40 | 0.90 | 12~1 119 | 80.62 |
| P-M | 34~307 | 82.24 | 25~250 | 63.87 | 0.83~1.96 | 1.32 | 33~492 | 146.97 |
| R-C | 10~827 | 120.72 | 9~665 | 87.64 | 0.14~0.14 | 1.41 | — | — |
| D-S | 20~3 090 | 139.67 | 10~2 670 | 113.79 | 1~4 | 1.24 | 45~3 963 | 384.67 |
| D-F | 20~1 600 | 191.54 | 10~1 130 | 161.04 | 1~2 | 1.20 | 73~1 805 | 362.07 |
| V-S | 4~2 675 | 196.31 | 2~2 810 | 270.71 | 0.05~2.02 | 0.71 | 40~3 959 | 368.37 |
| V-A | 14~914 | 221.84 | 32~1 382 | 336.82 | 0.22~3.27 | 0.70 | 35~808 | 225.83 |
| H-S | 40~902 | 193.78 | 8~352 | 68.10 | 1.50~10.40 | 2.88 | 41~730 | 127.76 |
| H-W | 20~957 | 138.01 | 11~465 | 63.30 | 0.60~4.72 | 2.17 | 26~990 | 124.00 |
| W-B | 29~1 672 | 142.56 | 15~983 | 72.45 | 1.05~5.35 | 2.02 | 19~3 247 | 272.99 |
| S-L | 27~876 | 127.09 | 10~368 | 43.02 | 1.03~7.45 | 3.02 | 13~767 | 107.11 |
| 总体 | 3~75 240 | 739.53 | 2~3 154 | 129.50 | 0.03~143.73 | 4.37 | 12~3 963 | 209.97 |
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