Characteristics and Sources of Water-Soluble Ions of PM2.5 in Winter in Urumqi

Zhao Kelei; Liu Xinchun; Lu Hui; He Qing; Zhong Yuting; Yan Jingwu

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00062

Journal of Desert Research >

2015 , Vol. 35 >Issue 3: 707 - 714

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00062

Characteristics and Sources of Water-Soluble Ions of PM_2.5 in Winter in Urumqi

Zhao Kelei ,
Liu Xinchun ,
Lu Hui ,
He Qing ,
Zhong Yuting ,
Yan Jingwu

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1. College of Resources and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Tree-ring Physical and Chemical Research of China Meteorological Administration/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Tree Ring Ecology, Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, China;
3. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

Received date: 2014-05-21

Revised date: 2014-06-09

Online published: 2015-05-20

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Abstract

In order to investigate the pollution level of atmospheric fine particles and the characteristics of major water-soluble ions, the fine particles-PM_2.5were collected in Urumqi from January to March in 2013, and water-soluble ions were analyzed by ion chromatograph. Based on the sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR), the correlation of ions and the backward trajectory model, the possible emission sources were discussed. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_2.5and the total water-soluble ions were 170.13±51.39 μg·m^-3 and 53.47±23.76 μg·m^-3 respectively over the entire sampling period. The secondary ions (SO₄^2-, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺) were the major species in water-soluble ions. The mass concentration of PM_2.5 and water-soluble ions had significant differences in different weather conditions. During fog and hazy days the three secondary ions accounted for 81.99% and 86.24% of the total ions concentration, respectively, and the SOR were higher than 0.1. Moreover, during the Spring Festival, large fireworks brought sharp rises in K⁺ and Cl^- concentrations. The correlation coefficient between NH₄⁺ and SO₄^2-, NH₄⁺ and NO₃^- were 0.975 and 0.748 respectively, and they were mainly in the form of (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄HSO₄ and NH₄NO₃ in PM_2.5. Good correlation was found between Cl^- and K⁺, which indicated that they may have the same emission sources. Stationary source emissions were still the main pollution in Urumqi, and the pollution could be aggravated by local airflows.

Key words： atmospheric fine particles; water-soluble ions; sources

Cite this article

Zhao Kelei , Liu Xinchun , Lu Hui , He Qing , Zhong Yuting , Yan Jingwu . Characteristics and Sources of Water-Soluble Ions of PM_2.5 in Winter in Urumqi[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2015 , 35(3) : 707 -714 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00062

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