The index system and model of coupling degree are presentedto evaluate the coupling degree between agro-pastoral economy and agro-pastoral resources in the Tarim River Basin during 2004—2011.The results indicate that: (1) The agro-pastoral resources index showed a trend of risingin the Tarim River Basin, and the trend is relatively stable overall without huge volatile. (2) With the smooth implementation of the western China development strategy and many assistance projects, the agro-pastoral economy had been in a rapid development and the agro-pastoral economy index had achieved substantial growthin the Tarim River Basin. (3) The coupling degree between agro-pastoral resources and agro-pastoral economy increased in the Tarim River Basin, but the coordination degree was low. The difficulty in the protection of the agro-pastoral resources increased continuously and the pressure on coordinated development remained.