The seedlings of corn are often damaged by strong wind in the spring in semi-arid wind-eroded area of the Northeast, China. In order to understand physiological responses of the corn seedlings to wind blowing, a field wind-blowing experiment using a wind speed gradient of 0 (CK), 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 m·s-1 and 10 min of wind blowing times was conducted and changes of relative water content (RWC), malondialdehyde (MDA), membrane permeability, protective enzymes activities and osmotic regulation substances contents of corn seedlings were investigated in 2012 in the Horqin Sandy Land of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that: (1) RWC was significantly higher in the wind treatments than that in the CK, with an increased magnitude of 10.10%-26.52%, which suggested no water stress occurred in the wind blowing process; (2) compared to the CK, MDA contents were higher and membrane permeability were lower in the all wind treatments, but the differences among them and the CK were not significant, which suggested that membrane lipid peroxidation under wind blowing stress was not serious; (3) with increase of wind speed, activities of the CAT and SOD increased firstly and then decreased. CAT activity increased by 35.53% with the highest value in the 9 m·s-1 treatment, and decreased by 40.98% in 15 m·s-1 and 52.46% in the 18 m·s-1 treatments, respectively, compared to CK. SOD activity showed a significantly increased trend from 6 m·s-1 to 15 m·s-1 treatments, with an increased magnitude of 40.49%-140.61% compared to CK. POD activity increased by 97.69% and 106.41% in the 6 m·s-1 and 18 m·s-1 treatments compared to CK, respectively; (4) Proline and soluble sugar contents increased by 32.15% and 35.08% in the 6 and 18 m·s-1 treatments compared to the CK, which played osmotic adjustment role under wind blowing stress. Proline and soluble sugar did not play role in osmotic adjustment in the other wind treatments>
[1] 朱震达.中国脆弱生态带与土地荒漠化[J].中国沙漠,1991,11(4):11-22.
[2] 刘新民,赵哈林,赵爱芬,等.科尔沁沙地风沙环境与植被[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[3] 赵哈林,赵学勇,张铜会,等.沙漠化过程中植物的适应对策及植物稳定性机理[M].北京:中国海洋出版社,2004.
[4] 额尔敦布和,恩和.内蒙古草原荒漠化问题及防治对策研究[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学出版社,2002.
[5] 道本迈尔 R F.植物与环境[M].曲仲湘等译.北京:科学出版社,1965.
[6] Whitehead F H.Experimental studies of the effect of wind on plant growth and anatomyⅡ Helianthus annuus[J].New Phytologist,1962,61(1):59-62.
[7] Niels P R A,Rafael A H.Wind and mechanical stimuli differentially affect leaf traits in Plantago major[J].New Phytologist,2010,188:554-564.
[8] Grace J.Plant response to wind[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,1988 (22/23):71-88.
[9] Stokes A,Fitter A H,Coutts M P.Responses of young trees to wind and shading-effects on root architecture[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1995,46(9):1139-1146.
[10] Nicoll B C,Ray D.Adaptive growth of tree root systems in response to wind action and site conditions[J].Tree Physiology,1996,16(11/12):891-898.
[11] Liu Y,Schieving F,Stuefer J F,et al.The effects of mechanical stress and spectral shading on the growth and allocation of ten genotypes of a stoloniferous plant[J].Annals of Botany,2007,99(1):121-130.
[12] Grace J.The effect of wind on grasses 1.Cuticular and stomatal transpiration[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1974,25(3):542-551.
[13] Mackerron D K L.Wind damage to the surface of strawberry leaves[J].Annals of Botany,1976,40(2):351-354.
[14] Dixonm G J.Effect of wind on the transpiration of young Trees[J].Annals of Botany,1984,53:811-819.
[15] Drake B G,Raschke K,Salisbury F B.Temperature and transpiration resistances of Xanthium leaves as affected by air temperature,humidity and wind speed[J].Plant Physiology,1970,46(2):324-330.
[16] Caldwell M M.Plant gas exchange at high wind speeds[J].Plant Physiology,1970,46(4):535-537.
[17] Blanchard V F.Depressing effect of wind on growth and yield of citrusr trees[J].California Citrograph,1934,19:20-207.
[18] Neel P L,Harris R W.Motion-induced inhibition of elongation and induction of dormancy in Liquidambar[J].Science,1971,173(3991):58-59.
[19] Grace J.Plant Response to Wind[M].London,UK:Academic Press,1977.
[20] Hammer P A,Mitchell C A,Weiler T C.Height control in greenhouse Chrysanthemum by mechanical stress[J].HortScience,1974,9(5):474-475.
[21] Goodman A M,Ennos A R.A comparative study of the response of the roots and shoots of sunflower and maize to mechanical stimulation[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1996,47(303):1499-1507.
[22] Telewski F W,Jaffe M J.Thigmomorphogenesis:field and laboratory studies of Abiesfraseri in response to wind or mechanical perturbation[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1986,66(2):211-218.
[23] 于云江,史培军,鲁春霞.不同风沙条件对几种植物生态生理特征的影响[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(1):53-58.
[24] 赵哈林,何玉慧,岳广阳,等.风吹、沙埋对沙地植物幼苗生长和光合蒸腾特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(3):413-419.
[25] 曲浩,赵学勇,岳广阳,等.科尔沁沙地几种常见植物对风胁迫的生理响应[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(4):668-673.
[26] 唐霞,崔健垣,曲浩,等.风对科尔沁地区几种常见作物幼苗光合、蒸腾特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(3):471-476.
[27] 张铜会,赵哈林,赵学勇,等.科尔沁地区玉米耗水规律初探[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(增刊):137-139.
[28] Lutts S,Kiner J M,Bouharmont J.NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryzasativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance[J].Annals of Botany,1996,78(3):389-398.
[29] 张志良,翟伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:123-276.
[30] Sundar D,Perianayaguy B,Ramachandra Reddy A.Localization of antioxidant enzymes in the cellular compartments of sorghum leaves[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2004,44(2):157-163.
[31] Drazkiewicz M,Skórzyńska-Polit E,Krupa Z.Copper-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant defence in Arabidopsis thaliana[J].BioMetal,2004,17(4):379-387.
[32] Gong J R,ZhaoA F,Huang Y M,et al.Water relations,gas exchange,photochemical efficiency,and peroxidative stress of four plant species in the Heihe drainage basin of northern China[J].Photosynthetica,2006,44 (3):355-364
[33] 张琳琳,赵晓英,原慧.风对植物的作用及植物适应对策研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(12):1249-1353.
[34] 樊瑞苹,周琴,周波,等.盐胁迫对高羊茅生长及抗氧化系统的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(1):112-117.
[35] 郝敬虹,易旸,尚庆茂,等.干旱胁迫下外源水杨酸对黄瓜幼苗膜脂过氧化和光合特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(3):717-723.
[36] Medrano H,Parry M A J,Socias X,et al.Longterm water-stress inactivates rubisco in subterranean clover[J].Annals of Applied Biology,1997,131:491-501.
[37] Cakmak I,Marschner H.Effect of zinc nutritional status on activities of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzymes in bean[J].Plant and Soil,1993,156:127-130.
[38] 陈少裕.膜脂过氧化与植物逆境胁迫[J].植物学通报,1989,6(4):211-217.
[39] Dobretsov G E,Borschevskaya T A,Petrov V A,et al.The increase of phospholipid bilayer rigidity after lipid peroxidation[J].FEBS Letters,1977,84:195.
[40] 周瑞莲,赵梅,张萍,等.白三叶和红三叶对人工融冻胁迫的生理响应差异[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(6):1334-1340.
[41] Bowler C,Montagu M,Inze D.Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,1992,43(1):83-116.
[42] Sergi M B,Lenonor A.Drought-induced changes in the redox state of alpha-tocopherol,ascorbate and the diterpenecarnosic acid in chloroplasts of labiatae species differing in carnosic acid contents[J].Plant Physiology,2003,131(4):1816-1825.
[43] Mittler R.Oxidative stress,antioxidants and stress tolerance[J].Trends in Plant Science,2002,7(9):405-410.
[44] Slama I,Messedi D,Ghnaya T,et al.Effects of water deficit on growth and proline metabolism in Sesuviumportulacastrum[J].Environmental Experiment Botany,2006,56(3):231-238.
[45] Khalil A M M,Grace J.Acclimation to drought in Acer pseudoplatnus L.(Sycamore) seedling[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1992:1591-1602.
[46] 魏臻武,王德贤,贺连昌.超氧化物歧化酶在苜蓿抗寒锻炼过程中的作用[J].草业科学,2006,23(7):15-18.
[47] 周瑞莲,赵哈林,程国栋.高寒山区植物根抗氧化酶系统的季节变化与抗冷冻关系[J].生态学报,2001,21(6):885-870.
