Apocynum venetum is an ecologically important species of vegetation in the arid regions of Northwest China. In order to understand its pollination biology at different desert habitats, we investigated the characteristics for this species: phenology, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, pollinators, P/O rate, fruit set and breeding system. We found that the species showed four reproductive characteristics. First, the flowering peak and pollen viability were different between desert-oasis eco-tone and desert edge populations, longer in desert-oasis eco-tone populations. Second, in the desert-oasis ecotone, Ichneumon sp. was found to be the most effective flower visitor; in the desert edge, Apis mellifera was the frequent pollinators. Third, fruit set appeared to be higher in desert-oasis eco-tone populations than in desert edge. Finally, both outcrossing index were 2, we found that facultative autogamy was dominant and that out-crossing just played an assistant role in the breeding system.
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