Based on daily temperatures data in 6 weather stations, this study applied Mann-Kendall nonparametric tests to analyze the variation of extreme temperatures indexes from 1960 to 2013 in north Shaanxi. The results showed that: (1)Annual mean, maximum and minimum temperatures were significant rising (P<0.05) with rates of 0.27℃/10a, 0.24℃/10a, 0.28℃/10a respectively in north Shaanxi during 1960-2013, and winter temperatures warms up biggest and spring next. (2) The yearly maximum value of daily minimum temperature, warm night, and warm day were significantly increased (P<0.05) with rates of 0.054℃/10a, 1.83 d/10a, 1.4 d/10a respectively; the yearly maximum value of daily maximum temperature increased at a rate of 0.0 92℃/10a; warm night, and warm day showed a significant increasing trend in each season; the daily temperature range decreased at a rate of 0.036℃/10a; the length of growth increased at a rate of 2.4 d/10a. And 50% of stations increased in each indexes, except the length of growth. (3) The yearly minimum value of daily maximum temperature weak increased and the growth rate was 0.217℃/10a; the yearly minimum value of daily minimum temperature decreased at a rate of 0.015℃/10a; cold day performance a significant decreasing trend (P<0.05), the change amplitude of 0.48 d/10a; cold day were decreased in each season, except the summer; cold night significant decreased (P<0.05)at a trend of 0.98 d/10a; frost day and ice day reduced at rates of 2.2/10a, 2.4 d/10a respectively. And 100% of stations increased in each indexes, except the yearly minimum value of daily maximum temperature, the yearly minimum value of daily minimum temperature. (4) Warm indexes increased more than coldness indexes decreasing, and night indexes were greater decreased than the day indexes increasing. Polarization distribution trend of extreme temperature result in frequently high temperature, drought, and freezing disasters in the study area.
[1] IPCC. Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.Summary for Policy Makers[R/OL].[2013-10-28].http://www.climate change 2013.Org/images/uploads/WGIAR5-SPM_Approved27sep2013.pdf.
[2] Stocker T F,Qin D H,Plattner G K,et al.Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis[M].New York,USA:Cambridge University Press,2013.
[3] 姜大膀,富元海.2℃全球变暖背景下中国未来气候变化预估[J].大气科学,2012,36(2):234-246.
[4] Karl T R,Kukla G,Razuvayev V N,et al.Global warming:evidence for asymmetric diurnal temperature change[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1991,18:2253-2256.
[5] Horton B.Geographical distribution of changes in maximum and minimum temperatures[J].Atmospheric Research,1995,37:101-117.
[6] Karl T R,Jones P D,Knight R W,et al.A new perspective on recent global warming:asymmetric trends of daily maximum and minimum temperature[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1993,74(6):1007-1023.
[7] 李小亚,张勃.1960-2011年甘肃河东地区极端降水变化[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(6):1884-1890.
[8] 任福民,高辉,刘绿柳,等.极端天气气候事件监测与预测研究进展及其应用综述[J].气象,2014,40(7):860-874.
[9] 翟盘茂,刘静.气候变暖背景下的极端天气气候事件与防灾减灾[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(9):55-63,84.
[10] 雷向杰,程肖侠,毛明策.陕西2012年极端天气气候事件与气象灾害[J].灾害学,2013,28(3):105-110.
[11] 李如意,赵景波.毛乌素沙地1960-2013年极端气温变化[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(2):483-490.
[12] 张胜才,杨先荣,张锦泉,等.春季西风急流异常对甘肃极端天气的影响[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(4):1089-1094.
[13] 韦振锋,任志远,张翀,等.1999-2010年陕甘宁黄土高原区荒漠化空间特征[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(5):1230-1236.
[14] 白建军,白江涛,王磊.2000-2010年陕北地区植被NDVI时空变化及其与区域气候的关系[J].地理科学,2014,34(7):882-888.
[15] 张宏芳,潘留杰,卢珊,等.1901-2012年陕西降水、气温变化特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(6):1674-1682.
[16] 韦振锋,王德光,张翀,等.1999-2010年中国西北地区植被覆盖对气候变化和人类活动的响应[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1665-1670.
[17] 刘广全,匡尚富,土小宁,等.黄土高原生态脆弱地带植被恢复水资源承载能力[J].国际沙棘研究与开发,2010,8(1):13-20.
[18] 王德丽,殷淑燕,王海燕,等.近50年陕北地区的气候变化[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(2):262-267.
[19] 汪丽娜,王勇,高鹏,等.黄土高原粗泥沙集中来源区水沙变化特征及趋势性分析[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(2):11-16.
[20] 简金世,焦菊英,杜璇,等.嫩江江桥站水沙变化特征及驱动因素分析[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(2):15-21.
[21] 任志艳,延军平,张立伟.黄土高原地区年极端气温的变化特征[J].中国农业气象,2013,34(3):289-293.
[22] 周雅清,任国玉.中国大陆1956-2008年极端气温事件变化特征分析[J].气候与环境研究,2010,15(4):405-417.
[23] 王德丽.全球变暖环境下陕北、关中、陕南气候变化对比研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2011.
[24] 张宁.近50年来陕西省气温和降水极端事件分析[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2012.
[25] 王海燕.陕西省极端气温变化特征分析[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2010.
[26] 蔡新玲,吴素良,贺皓,等.变暖背景下陕西极端气候事件变化分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(4):1095-1101.
[27] 汪宝龙,张明军,魏军林,等.西北地区近50 a气温和降水极端事件的变化特征[J].自然资源学报,2012,10:1720-1733.
