According to the mowing grassland of the Leymus chinensis meadow steppe in Hulun buir, researching the mechanism of community species diversity variation from the plant functional group species richness and the important value based on fertilization. Analyzing relevant indices in different methods including one-factor/two-factor variance analysis, linear regression and the curve regression. The results showed that: (1) Adding the concentration fertilizer reduced community species richness gradually, which was also affected by the fertilization year. Functional group species richness of Leguminosae and Cyperaceae was sensitive to the variation of fertilization concentration (P<0.05); Ranunculaceae and Cyperaceae were influenced significantly by fertilization year (P<0.05); Cyperaceae and weeds were affected by the interactive effects both fertilization concentration and fertilization year (P<0.05). (2) In addition to the Cyperaceae and weeds functional group, there has significant impact on important value of Gramineae, Leguminosae, Ranunculaceae and Compositae in definite fertilization concentration(P<0.05).The functional group important value of Gramineae and Compositae increased with the aggrandized fertilization concentration while the Leguminosae, Ranunculaceae and Weeds decreased accordingly. (3) The response of functional groups important value was sensitive to annual rainfall and the Gramineae, Leguminosae function group important value were reduced in arid environment while the other functional group important value was increased accordingly. Because of the different response to the fertilization on functional group richness and important value, we should also give full consideration to the interannual precipitation conditions and fertilization year before fertilization in order to achieve the sustainable utilization of grassland resources.
[1] Kraft N J B,Comita L S,Chase J M,et al.Disentangling the drivers of β-diversity along latitudinal and elevational gradients[J].Science,2011,333:1755-1758.
[2] Bai Y F,Wu J G,Clark C M,et al.Tradeoffs and thresholds in the effects of nitrogen addition on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:evidence from inner mongolia grasslands[J].Change Biology,2010,16(1):358-372.
[3] Ives A R,Gross K.Stability and variability in competitive community[J].Science,1999,286:542-544.
[4] 孙儒泳,李博,诸葛阳,等.普通生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993.
[5] Smith O H,Petersen G W,Needelman B A.Environmental indicators of agroecosystems[J].Advances in Agronomy,2000,69:75-97.
[6] Isbell F L,Polley H W,Wilsey B J.Biodiversity,productivity and the temporal stability of productivity:patterns and processes[J].Ecology Letters,2009,12:443-451.
[7] 马克平.生物群落多样性测度方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994.
[8] 王育松,上官铁梁.关于重要值计算方法的若干问题[J].山西大学学报:自然科学版,2010,33(2):312-316.
[9] 白永飞,陈佐忠.锡林河流域羊草草原植物种群和功能群的长期变异性及其对群落稳定性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(6):641-647.
[10] 何明珠.阿拉善高原荒漠植被组成分布特征及其环境解释Ⅲ.植物功能群多样性对环境因素的响应[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(2):278-286.
[11] 孙慧珍,国庆喜,周晓峰.植物功能型分类标准及方法[J].东北林业大学学报,2004,32(2):81-83.
[12] 范玉龙,胡楠,丁圣彦,等.伏牛山自然保护区森林生态系统草本植物功能群的分类[J].生态学报,2008,28(7):3092-3101.
[13] Lan Z C,Bai Y F.Testing mechanisms of N-enrichment induced species loss in a semiarid inner mongolia grassland:critical thresholds and implications for long-term ecosystem responses[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B:Biological Sciences,2012,367:3125-3134.
[14] Hautier Y,Niklaus P A,Hector A.Competition for light causes plant biodiversity loss after eutrophication[J].Science,2009,324:636-638.
[15] 赵新风,徐海量,张鹏,等.养分与水分添加对荒漠草地植物群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(2):167-177.
[16] 赵志刚,杜国祯,任青吉.5种毛茛科植物个体大小依赖的繁殖分配和性分配[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(1):9-16.
[17] 牛克昌,赵志刚,罗燕江,等.施肥对高寒草甸植物群落组分种繁殖分配的影响[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(5):817-826.
[18] 宗宁,石培礼,蒋婧,等.施肥和围栏封育对退化高寒草甸植被恢复的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2013,19(6):905-913.
[19] 布仁图雅,姜慧敏.三种重要值计算方法的比较分析[J].环境与发展,2014,26(6):64-67.
[20] Huston M,Smith T.Plant succession:life history and competition[J].American Naturalist,1987,130:168-198.
[21] Newman E I.Competition and diversity in herbaceous vegetation[J].Nature,1973,244:310.
[22] 何玉惠,刘新平,谢忠奎.氮素添加对黄土高原荒漠草原草本植物物种多样性和生产力的影响[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(1):66-71.
[23] 曹文侠,李文,李小龙,等.施氮对高寒草甸草原植物群落和土壤养分的影响[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):658-666.
[24] 杨中领,苏芳龙,苗原,等 施肥和放牧对青藏高原高寒草甸物种丰富度的影响[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(10):1074-1081.
[25] 于丽,赵建宁,王慧,等.养分添加对内蒙古贝加尔针茅草原植物多样性与生产力的影响[J].生态学报,2015,24:1501-1511.
[26] Schultz J C.Plant resource allocation[J].Ecology,1998,79(2):746-747.
[27] Stevens C J,Dise N B,Mountford J O,et al.Impact of nitrogen deposition on the species richness of grasslands[J].Science,2004,303:1876-1879.
[28] Jr Schoolmaster D R,Mittelbach G G,Gross K L.Resource competition and community response to fertilization:the outcome depends on spatial strategies[J].Theoretical Ecology,2014,7(2):127-135.
[29] 辛小娟.氮、磷添加对亚高山草甸地上/地下生物量分配及植物功能群组成的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2011.
[30] Bowman W D,Gartner J R,Holland K,et al.Nitrogen critical loads for alpine vegetation and terrestrial ecosystem response:are we there yet?[J].Ecological Applications,2006,16:1183-1193.
[31] Silvertown J,Law R.Do plants need niches?Some recent developments in plant community ecology[J].Trends in Ecology and Evolution,1987,2:24-26.
[32] 章志龙,刘旭东,贾鹏,等.氮添加对高寒草甸植物花期物候和群落结构的影响[J].草业科学,2013,30(5):728-735.
[33] 郭群,李胜功,胡中民,等.内蒙古温带草原典型草地生态系统生产力对水分在不同时间尺度上的响应[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):616-623.
[34] Wan H W,Bai Y F,Schonbach P,et al.Effects of grazing management system on plant community structure and functioning in a semiarid steppe:scaling from species to community[J].Plant and Soil,2011,340:215-226.
[35] 杨婧,褚鹏飞,陈迪马,等.放牧对内蒙古典型草原α、β和γ多样性的影响机制[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(2):188-200.
[36] 杨文治,邵明安,彭新德,等.黄土高原环境的旱化与黄土中水分关系[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,1998,28(4):357-365.