[1] Beven K,Germann P.Macropores and water flow in soils[J].Water Resources Research,1982,18(5):1311-1325.
[2] Allaire S,Roulier S,Cessna A.Quantifying preferential flow in soils:a review of different techniques[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,378:179-204.
[3] 吴庆华.基于土壤水入渗补给的优先流定量研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2013.
[4] Gerke H H.Preferential flow descriptions for structured soils[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2006,169(3):382-400.
[5] Jarvis N J,Moeys J,Koestel J,et al.Preferential flow in a pedological perspective[M]//Lin H.Hydropedology:Synergistic Integration of Soil Science and Hydrology.New York,USA:Academic Press,Elsevier,2012.
[6] Jarvis N J.A review of non-equilibrium water flow and solute transport in soil macropores:principles,controlling factors and consequences for water quality[J].European Journalof Soil Science,2007,58(3):523-546.
[7] Nimmo J R.Preferential flow occurs in unsaturated conditions[J].Hydrological Processes,2012,26(5):786-789.
[8] 牛健植,余新晓,张志强.优先流研究现状及发展趋势[J].生态学报,2006,26(2):231-43.
[9] Zhang Y Y,Zhao W Z.Effects of variability in land surface characteristics on the summer radiation budget across desert-oasis region in Northwestern China[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2015,119(3/4):771-780.
[10] Zhang Y Y,Zhao W Z,He J H,et al.Energy exchange and evapotranspiration over irrigated seed maize agroecosystems in a desert-oasis region,northwest China[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2016,223:48-59.
[11] 李军,王新军,贾宏涛,等.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘干季土壤水分含量空间异质性[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(6):1628-1637.
[12] 冯伟,杨文斌,唐进年,等.中国沙漠(地)深层渗漏量及动态特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(5):1362-1370.
[13] 高前兆,仵彦卿.河西内陆河流域的水循环分析[J].水科学进展,2004,15(3):391-396.
[14] Lerner D N,Issar A S,Simmers I.Groundwater recharge:a guide to understanding and estimating natural recharge[M].Hannover,Germany:Heise,1990.
[15] Sophocleous M.Groundwater recharge estimation and regionalization:the Great Bend Prairie of central Kansas and its recharge statistics[J].Journal of Hydrology,1992,137(1):113-140.
[16] Favreau G,Leduc C,Marlin C,et al.Estimate of recharge of a rising water table in semiaridNiger from 3H and 14C modeling[J].Groundwater,2002,40(2):144-151.
[17] Andraski B J.Soil-water movement under natural-site and waste-site conditions:a multiple-year field study in the Mojave Desert,Nevada[J].Water Resources Research,1997,33(8):1901-1916.
[18] Ji X B,Kang E S,Zhao W Z,et al.Simulation of heat and water transfer in a surface irrigated,cropped sandy soil[J].Agricultural Water Management,2009,96(6):1010-1020.
[19] 邵明安,王全九,黄明斌.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[20] SKOPP J.Comment on “Micro-,meso-,and macroporosity of soil”[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1981,45(6):1246-1246.
[21] 秦耀东,任理,王济.土壤中大孔隙流研究进展与现状[J].水科学进展,2000,11(2):203-207.
[22] Weiler M,Flühler H.Inferring flow types from dye patterns in macroporous soils[J].Geoderma,2004,120(1):137-153.
[23] 牛健植,余新晓.优先流问题研究及其科学意义[J].中国水土保持科学,2005,3(3):110-116.
[24] Wang D,Lowery B,Norman J,et al.Ant burrow effects on water flow and soil hydraulic properties of Sparta sand[J].Soil & Tillage Research,1996,37:83-93.
[25] Gerke H H,Kuchenbuch R O.Root effects on soil water and hydraulic properties[J].Biologia,2007,62(5):557-561.
[26] Boivin P,Garnier P,Tessier D.Relationship between clay content,clay type,and shrinkage properties of soil samples[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2004,68(4):1145-1153.
[27] Bayer A,Vogel H J,Roth K.Direct measurement of the soil water retention curve using X-ray absorption[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions,2004,8(1):2-7.
[28] Gray C W,Allbrook R.Relationships between shrinkage indices and soil properties in some New Zealand soils[J].Geoderma,2002,108(3):287-299.
[29] Koestel J K,Moeys J,Jarvis N J.Meta-analysis of the effects of soil properties,site factors and experimental conditions on solute transport[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2012,16(6):1647-1665.
[30] Horn R,Taubner H,Wuttke M,et al.Soil physical properties related to soil structure[J].Soil & Tillage Research,1994,30(2):187-216.
[31] 张中彬,彭新华.土壤裂隙及其优先流研究进展[J].土壤学报,2015,52(3):477-488.
[32] Zhang Y Y,Zhao W Z,Fu L.Soil macropore characteristics following conversion of native desert soils to irrigated croplands in a desert-oasis ecotone,Northwest China[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2017,168:176-186.
[33] 张展羽,朱文渊,朱成立,等.农田土壤表面干缩裂缝的随机分布统计特征[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(16):119-124.
[34] Greve A,Andersen M S,Acworth R I.Investigations of soil cracking and preferential flow in a weighing lysimeter filled with cracking clay soil[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,393(1):105-113.
[35] Zhang Z,Peng X,Wang L,et al.Temporal changes in shrinkage behavior of two paddy soils under alternative flooding and drying cycles and its consequence on percolation[J].Geoderma，2013,192:12-20.
[36] Shen Y,Liu C,Liu M,et al.Change in pan evaporation over the past 50 years in the arid region of China[J].Hydrological Processes,2010,24(2):225-231.
[37] Hardie M A,Cotching W E,Doyle R B,et al.Effect of antecedent soil moisture on preferential flow in a texture-contrast soil[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,398(3):191-201.
[38] 闫加亮,赵文智,张勇勇.绿洲农田土壤优先流特征及其对灌溉量的响应[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1454-1460.
[39] Mcneely J.Biodiversity in arid regions:values and perceptions[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2003,54:61-70.
[40] Liu J L,Li F R,Liu C A,et al.Influences of shrub vegetation on distribution and diversity of a ground beetle community in a Gobi desert ecosystem[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2012,21:2601-2619.
[41] Shipitalo M J,Nuutinen V,Butt K R.Interaction of earthworm burrows and cracks in a clayey,subsurface-drained,soil[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2004,26(3):209-217.
[42] Fan R,Zhang X,Yang X,et al.Effects of tillage management on infiltration and preferential flow in a black soil,Northeast China[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2013,23(3):312-320.
[43] Lesturgez G,Poss R,Hartmann C,et al.Roots of Stylosanthes hamata create macropores in the compact layer of a sandy soil[J].Plant and Soil,2004,260(1/2):101-109.
[44] Cheng J,Zhang H,Wang W,et al.Changes in preferential flow path distribution and its affecting factors in southwest China[J].Soil Science,2011,176(12):652-660.
[45] 王大力,尹澄清.植物根孔在土壤生态系统中的功能[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):869-874.
[46] Yan J,Zhao W.Characteristics of preferential flow during simulated rainfall events in an arid region of China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(7):1-12.
[47] Wang X P,Li X R,Xiao H L,et al.Effects of surface characteristics on infiltration patterns in an arid shrub desert[J].Hydrological Processes,2007,21(1):72-79.
[48] Hu X,Li Z C,Li X Y,et al.Influence of shrub encroachment on CT–measured soil macropore characteristics in the Inner Mongolia grassland of northern China[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2015,150:1-9.
[49] Luo L,Lin H,Li S.Quantification of 3-D soil macropore networks in different soil types and land uses using computed tomography[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,393(1):53-64.
[50] Germann P F,Beven K.Kinematic wave approximation to infiltration into soils with sorbing macropores[J].Water Resources Research,1985,21(7):990-996.
[51] Germann P,Beven K.Water flow in soil macropores I.An experimental approach[J].Journal of Soil Science,1981,32(1):1-13.
[52] 李伟莉,金昌杰,王安志,等.土壤大孔隙流研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(4):888-894.
[53] Bundt M,Jäggi M,Blaser P,et al.Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in preferential flow paths and matrix of a forest soil[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2001,65:1529-1538.
[54] Bogner C,Borken W,Huwe B.Impact of preferential flow on soil chemistry of a podzol[J].Geoderma,2012,175/176:37-46.
[55] Bundt M,Widmer F,Pesaro M,et al.Preferential flow paths:biological ‘hot spots’ in soils[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33:729-738.
[56] Doerr S,Ritsema C,Dekker L,et al.Water repellence of soils:new insights and emerging research needs[J].Hydrological Processes,2007,21:2223-2228.
[57] 张帅普,邵明安,李丹凤.绿洲-荒漠过渡带土壤蓄水量的空间分布及其时间稳定性[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(8):2509-2516.
[58] Lesturgez G,Poss R,Hartmann C,et al.Roots of Stylosanthes hamata create macropores in the compact layer of a sandy soil[J].Plant and Soil,2004,260(1/2):101-109.
[59] Cresswell H P,Kirkegaard J A.Subsoil amelioration by plant-roots-the process and the evidence[J].Soil Research,1995,33(2):221-239.
[60] Noguchi S,Nik A R,Kasran B,et al.Soil physical properties and preferential flow pathways in tropical rain forest,Bukit Tarek,Peninsular Malaysia[J].Journal of Forest Research,1997,2(2):115-120.
[61] Benegas L,Ilstedt U,Roupsard O,et al.Effects of trees on infiltrability and preferential flow in two contrasting agroecosystems in Central America[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2014,183:185-196.
[62] Devitt D A,Smith S D.Root channel macropores enhance downward movement of water in a Mojave Desert ecosystem[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2002,50(1):99-108.
[63] Li X Y,Yang Z P,Li Y T,et al.Connecting ecohydrology and hydropedology in desert shrubs:stemflow as a source of preferential flow in soils[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2009,13(7):1133-1144.
[64] Wang X P,Li X R,Xiao H L,et al.Effects of surface characteristics on infiltration patterns in an arid shrub desert[J].Hydrological Processes,2007,21(1):72-79.
[65] Zhang Y F,Wang X P,Hu R,et al.Stemflow in two xerophytic shrubs and its significance to soil water and nutrient enrichment[J].Ecological Research,2013,28(4):567-579.
[66] Pan Y X,Wang X P,Li X R,et al.The influence of Caragana korshinskii shrub on soil and hydrological properties in a revegetation-stabilized desert ecosystem[J].Hydrological Sciences Journal,2014,59(10):1925-1934.
[67] Watson K W,Luxmoore R J.Estimating macroporosity in a forest watershed by use of a tension infiltrometer[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1986,50(3):578-582.
[68] Wilson G V,Luxmoore R J.Infiltration,macroporosity,and mesoporosity distributions on two forested watersheds[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1988,52(2):329-335.
[69] Jørgensen P R,Hoffmann M,Kistrup J P,et al.Preferential flow and pesticide transport in a clay-rich till:field,laboratory,and modeling analysis[J].Water Resources Research,2002,38(11):2810-2815.
[70] Yang R,Liu W.Nitrate contamination of groundwater in an agroecosystem in Zhangye Oasis,Northwest China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2010,61(1):123-129.
[71] 张勇勇,吴普特,赵西宁.基于矩分析的垄沟灌入渗湿润体特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(5):1217-1225.
