China is one of the countries most seriously affected by desertification in the world. The Regionalization is an important content of desertification research and also the important work of desertification control. The Alxa Plateau is the typical region of desertification process in north China, which belongs to the Asia arid desert region. Desertification in Alxa Plateau is changed markedly along with the climate change, regional social-economy development and the implement of several National Ecological Civilization Construction projects. According to the process and current situation of desertification, land use and industrial development, the key points of the desertification control and rehabilitation countermeasures in Alxa Plateau are included six parts as below, the key ecological protection area, the three-desert meet and expand control area, the desert vegetation protection and rehabilitation area, oasis ecological construction sustainable area, linear transportation infrastructure and sheet mining rehabilitation area, and Wulanbuhe sand industry demonstration area. Therefore, the 3 desertification control sub-regions and 12 plots were regionalized in the Alxa Plateau, and the related rehabilitation countermeasures were presented.