基于CALIPSO星载激光雷达的中国沙尘气溶胶观测

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00395

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于2006年6月至2012年5月无云条件下CALIPSO星载激光雷达观测资料，分析中国典型地区（塔克拉玛干沙漠、柴达木盆地、戈壁区和华北）沙尘气溶胶分布。结果表明：塔克拉玛干沙漠和戈壁区为沙尘天气发生频率高值区，且前者在各高度层的沙尘发生频率都大于后者。沙尘发生呈季节性分布。塔克拉玛干沙漠在春季沙尘发生频率最大，抬升最高可至10 km，冬季频率最小，高度最低，主要分布在3 km以下。戈壁区在春季沙尘发生频率、抬升高度最大，冬季抬升高度最低，但低层发生频率大于夏、秋两季。在塔克拉玛干沙漠，沙尘光学厚度春季最大约为0.44，冬季最小约为0.17，春，冬季消光系数峰值最大，可达0.25 km^-1，且随高度的递减率大于夏，秋季。在戈壁区和柴达木盆地，沙尘光学厚度春季最大、秋季最小。在华北，沙尘光学厚度春季最大、夏季最小，消光系数在2 km以上春季最大，这主要是由于春季远距离高空传输到华北的沙尘量最多。塔克拉玛干沙漠与柴达木盆地的退偏比为0.2~0.35，戈壁区为0.16~0.28，可能是由于塔克拉玛干沙漠的物质组成与柴达木盆地相同，而与戈壁区不同。华北因低层沙尘与其他气溶胶混合导致退偏振比廓线随高度递增。4个区域对流层上部退偏比全为0.2，表明高空气溶胶可能为来自相同源区的沙尘。

关键词: CALIPSO, 沙尘发生频率, 光学厚度, 消光系数, 退偏比

Abstract: CALIPSO observations under cloud-free conditions from June 2006 to May 2012 are used to derive dust aerosol distribution over China. It shows that both the Taklimakan Desert and the Gobi Desert have high dust occurrence frequency and the former is higher than the latter. There is a strong seasonal variation in dust distributions from observations. Over the Taklimakan Desert, dust occurrence frequency is largest in spring and dust can be carried as highest as to 10 km while the frequency and lifting height are smallest in winter with dust mainly being distributed under 3 km. Over the Gobi Desert, dust occurrence frequency and lifting height are largest in Spring while in Winter lifting height is smallest but the frequency in low altitudes is larger than in summer and autumn. Dust optical depth over the Taklimakan Desert reaches a maximum of 0.44 in spring and a minimum of 0.17 in winter. The peaks of extinction coefficient profiles are largest reaching up to 0.25 km^-1 in spring and winter and the profiles decrease faster with increasing altitude than in Summer and autumn. Dust optical depth over the Gobi Desert and the Qaidam Basin reaches maximum in spring but minimum in Autumn. Over the North China, dust has largest optical depth in spring and smallest in Summer and dust extinction coefficient is largest above 2 km in Spring, which is mainly due to largest contents of dust through long-range transport within high altitudes. The depolarization ratio over the Taklimakan Desert and the Qaidam Basin is between 0.2 and 0.35 while 0.16-0.28 in the Gobi Desert, which may indicate that mineral composition of the Taklimakan Desert is similar with the Qaidam Basin but different with the Gobi Desert. The depolarization ratios in the upper troposphere over the four regions are all about 0.2, indicating that the aerosols in upper troposphere may be dust with the same sources.

Key words: CALIPSO, dust occurrence frequency, optical depth, extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio

中图分类号:

O648.18

徐成鹏, 葛觐铭, 黄建平, 付强, 刘华悦, 陈斌. 基于CALIPSO星载激光雷达的中国沙尘气溶胶观测[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(5): 1353-1362.

Xu Chengpeng, Ge Jinming, Huang Jianping, Fu Qiang, Liu Huayue, Chen Bin. Observations of Dust Aerosol over China Based on CALIPSO Spaceborne Lidar[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2014, 34(5): 1353-1362.

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