小麦、苜蓿根际土中极性、弱极性馏分特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00063

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为深入了解农作物根系分泌物与其根际土中可溶有机物的关系,用柱色层族组成分离方法, 对小麦和苜蓿根际土中的有机物采用了气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析测定.对分离出的极性和弱极性馏分分析结果表明:种植不同农作物的土壤中生物标志化合物分布特征差异很大.小麦根际土壤中主要分布的是C₁₀-C₃₂脂肪酸;苜蓿根际土壤中主要分布的是C₁₀-C₃₀脂肪酸;小麦根际土壤中活性物质十六烯酸、亚油酸和顺反油酸等不饱和脂肪酸在苜蓿上未检出;小麦根际土壤中有机质演化程度及降解程度均大于苜蓿根际土壤.在低演化状况下,根际土中生物标志化合物的分布特征能够很好地反映根系分泌物的特点.芳烃的甲基菲指数MPI值是判识土壤有机质演化和降解程度的良好参数.

关键词: 根际土, 小麦, 苜蓿, 根系分泌物, 生物标志化合物

Abstract: To understand the relationship between root exudates and the dissoluble organic substances in rhizospheric soil,the dissoluble organic substances in rhizospheric soil from wheat and alfalfa field were analyzed by the pole chromatographic composition separation (GC/MS). The polar and weak-polar distillates were analyzed. The results shown that distribution characteristics of biomarkers from different crops rhizospheric soil had great diversities: C₁₁-C₃₂ fatty acids were mainly distributed in wheat rhizosphere soil, C₁₀-C₃₀ fatty acids were mainly distributed in alfalfa rhizosphere soil; hexadecenoic acid, octadecadienoic acid, octadecenoic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids of active substances in the wheat rhizospheric soil were not detected in alfalfa rhizospheric soil. The organic substances evolution degree and the degree of degradation of organic substances in wheat rhizospheric soil were higher than in Alfalfa. In the condition of low evolution degree, distribution characteristic of biomarkers in rhizospheric soil could reflect well the characteristic of root exudates. At the same time, the study was found MPI was a good parameter for identification the degree of evolution and degradation of organic substances in soil.

Key words: rhizospheric soil, wheat, alfalfa, root exudates, biomarkers

中图分类号:

S153.6

岳斌, 常国华, 张仁陟. 小麦、苜蓿根际土中极性、弱极性馏分特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(6): 1590-1597.

Yue Bin, Chang Guohua, Zhang Renzhi. Characteristics of Polar and Weak-polar Distillate in Wheat and Alfalfa Rhizospheric Soil[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2014, 34(6): 1590-1597.

参考文献

[1] 解文科,王小青,李斌,等.植物根系分泌物研究综述[J].山东林业科技,2005,(5):63-67.
[2] 陈丽,姜惠武,张红光.植物根系分泌物的研究进展[J].林业勘查设计,2009,(3):71-72.
[3] 涂书新,吴佳.植物根系分泌物研究方法评述[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(9):2493-2500.
[4] 王明霞,周志峰.植物根系分泌物在植物中的作用[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(11):6357-6359.
[5] 杨平,吴凤芝.不同化感效应的小麦根系分泌物对黄瓜幼苗生长及根系生理生化特性的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2012,(4):37-42.
[6] 芦站根,周文杰.黄顶菊对小麦种子和幼苗的化感效应[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(6):1173-1176.
[7] 傅家谟,盛国英,许家友,等.应用生物标志物参数判识古环境[J].地球化学,1991,(1):1-12.
[8] 陈建渝.生物标志物地球化学的新进展[J].地质科技情报,1995,14(1):35-44.
[9] 徐一帆,国绍英,秦世夕,等.黔东北伊迪卡拉纪陡山沱期宏体藻类的生物标志化合物特征初探[J].凯里学院学报,2012,30(6):57-61.
[10] 孙敏卓,孟仟祥,房嬛,等.决明子可溶有机质生物标志化合物的分布特征[J].甘肃科学学报,2008,20(2):91-95.
[11] 房嬛,孟仟祥,孙敏卓,等.宁夏枸杞中脂肪酸的分布特征及意义[J].甘肃科学学报,2009,21(1):37-39.
[12] 孙敏卓,李思政,房嬛,等.播娘蒿籽可溶有机质的分布特征及生物化学意义[J].分析测试学报,2008,27(4):426-429.
[13] 王桂良,孟仟祥,房嬛,等.葡萄籽饱和烃馏分中生物标志化合物分布特征[J].甘肃科学学报,2006,18(3):31-34.
[14] 张海生,潘建明,陈建芳,等.楚科奇海和白令海沉积物中的生物标志物及其生态环境响应[J] .海洋地质与第四纪地质,2007,27(2):41-49.
[15] 谢树成,黄俊华,王红梅,等.湖北清江和尚洞石笋脂肪酸的古气候意义[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2005,35(3):246-251.
[16] 段毅,罗斌杰,钱吉盛,等.南沙海洋沉积物中脂肪酸地球化学研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,16(2):23-31.
[17] 段毅.甘南沼泽沉积脂类生物标志化合物的组成特征[J].地球化学,2002,31(6):525-531.
[18] 李全莲,王宁练,武小波,等.祁连山七一冰川区表层沉积物中生物标志化合物的组成特征及来源研究[J].地球化学,2008,37(6):533-541.
[19] de Leeuw J W,Rijpsta W I C,Schenck P A,et al.Free,esterified and residual bound sterols in Black Sea Unik 1 sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1983,47:455-465.
[20] van Dongen B E,Schout en S,Sinninghe Damste J S.Carbon isotopic variability in monosaccharides and lipids of aquatic algae and terrestrial plants[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2002,232:83-92.
[21] 孟仟祥,房嬛,徐永昌,等.柴达木盆地石炭系烃源岩和煤岩生物标志物特征及其地球化学意义[J].沉积学报,2004,22(4):729-736.
[22] 康晏,王万春,张道伟,等.柴达木盆地第四系脂肪酸分布特征与生气潜力的关系[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(6):778-785.
[23] 段毅,崔明中,罗斌杰,等.我国海洋沉降颗粒物质的有机地球化学研究——1:有机质通量及烃类化合物和脂肪酸分布特征[J].中国科学D辑,1997,27(5):442-226.
[24] 侯读杰,王铁冠.烃源岩与原油中化合物的鉴定与意义[J].质谱学报,1998,19(2):43-53.
[25] 孟仟祥,张松林,崔明中,等.不同沉积环境湖相低熟原油的芳烃分布特征[J].沉积学报,1999,17(1):112-120.
[26] 陈小慧,张敏,程熊,等.松辽盆地南部梨树断陷秦家屯油田原油芳烃地球化学特征[J].石油天然气学报,2013,35(8):28-48.
[27] 贺训云,姚根顺,蔡春芳,等.黔南坳陷油苗芳烃地球化学特征及意义[J].地球化学,2012,41(5):442-451.
[28] Dutkiewicz A,Volk H,Ridley J,et al.Geochemistry of oil in fluid inclusions in a middle Proterozic igneous intrusion:implications for the source of hydrocarbons in crystalline rocks[J].Organic Geochemistry,2004,35(8):937-957.
[29] George S C,Lisk M,Summons R E,et al.Constraining the oil charge history of the South Pepper oilfield from the analysis of oil-bearing fluid inclusions[J].Organic Geochemistry,1998,29(1/3):985-1010.
[30] 包建平.甲基菲比值与有机质热演化的关系[J].江汉石油学院学报,1992,14(4):8-13.
[31] 包建平,朱翠山.生物降解作用对辽河原油芳烃组成与芳烃成熟度参数的影响[J].中国科学D辑,2008,38(S2):55-63.
[32] 周文,吴庆余,王春勇,等.颗石藻热模拟产物中芳烃生物标志物分布[J].科学通报,2000,45(22):2438-2446.
[33] 陈琰,包建平,刘昭茜,等.甲基菲指数及甲基菲比值与有机质热演化关系[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(4):508-512.
[34] Radke M,Welte D H.The methylphenanthrene index (MPI):a maturity parameter based on aromatic hydrocarbons[C]//Bjroy M.Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1981.Chichester,UK:John Wiley and Sons Incorporation,1983:504-512.
[35] 王传远,杜建国,段毅,等.芳香烃地球化学特征及地质意义[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(1):29-32.
[36] 宋长玉,金洪蕊,刘璇,等.烃源岩中甲基菲的分布及对成熟度参数的影响[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(2):183-187.