玉米秸秆带状覆盖对西北旱地土壤温度及马铃薯产量的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00095

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 设黑膜大垄（M1）、玉米秸秆带状平覆（M2）、玉米秸秆带状垄沟覆杆（M3）和不覆盖露地平作（CK）4个处理进行田间小区试验，对比研究不同覆盖方式对西北旱地土壤温度及马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明：M1较CK提高全生育期土壤温度0.98℃，主要提高了块茎膨大期5 cm土层（2015年）及淀粉积累期10 cm土层（2016年）的土壤温度；M2、M3较CK降低全生育期土壤温度1.06℃、0.59℃，主要降低了块茎形成期10 cm土层的土壤温度。两年M1、M2、M3分别平均较CK增产11.68%、21.74%、16.88%。产量与淀粉积累期至收获期单株结薯数、单株产量正相关（r=0.064~0.766），覆盖处理显著较CK提高淀粉积累期单株结薯数及单株产量，平水年以M1最好，偏旱年以M2最好。

关键词: 马铃薯, 西北旱地, 玉米秸秆带状覆盖, 土壤温度, 产量指标

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of different mulching way on yield of potato and tillage soil temperature in northwest semi-arid region of China. The experiment was carried out from April to October in 2015 and 2016 respectively. Four kinds of different treatments were designed with three replications respectively:Big ridge black film mulch planting (M1), Corn straw strip flat cover planting (M2), Corn straw strip ditch mulching and ridge planting (M3) and uncovered and flat planting (CK), and the Longshu 7 was used to compared study the effects of different mulching patterns on the soil temperature in different layers and potato yield. The results showed that the whole growth cycle soil temperature of M1 than ck was increase 0.98℃, mainly increase soil temperature at 5 cm soil layer of the tuber expansion period in 2015 and at 10 cm soil layer of the starch accumulation stage in 2016. M2 and M3 than ck was reduced 1.06℃ and 0.59℃, mainly reduced soil temperature at 10 cm soil layer of tuber initiation stage in the two-year experiment. The average yield of M1, M2 and M3 in the two-year experiment were increased by 11.68%, 21.74% and 16.88% compared with that of ck, respectively. The yield and tuber number per plant and yield per plant at tuber expending stage to starch accumulation stage were positive correlated (r=0.064-0.766). Compared with CK, covering treatment can significantly increase tuber number per plant and yield per plant at starch accumulation period in the two-year experiment, M1 was the best in normal flow year, M2 was the best in partial drought years.

Key words: potato, northwest arid land of China, corn straw strip mulching, soil temperature, yield index

中图分类号:

S152.8
S532

李辉, 吴建民, 柴守玺, 常磊, 韩凡香, 程宏波. 玉米秸秆带状覆盖对西北旱地土壤温度及马铃薯产量的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(3): 592-599.

Li Hui, Wu Jianmin, Chai Shouxi, Chang Lei, Han Fanxiang, Cheng Hongbo. Effects of Corn Straw Strip Mulching on Soil Temperature and Potato Yield in Northwest Arid Land of China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(3): 592-599.

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