雅鲁藏布江河谷加查-米林段沙丘成因

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00060

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 加查-米林段位于雅鲁藏布江河谷中游下段，分布沙丘89片。通过实地考察、遥感卫星影像解译、DEM分析、粒度分析等方法对加查-米林段沙丘成因进行分析。结果表明：依据沙丘沙物质来源可将加查-米林段沙丘划分为河漫滩型沙丘、阶地型沙丘和谷坡型沙丘。河漫滩型沙丘形成与雅鲁藏布江水位关系密切。丰水期洪水淹没河漫滩，泥沙沉积；枯水期水位降低，泥沙出露，经风的吹蚀、搬运、堆积形成河漫滩型沙丘。阶地型沙丘和谷坡型沙丘形成与表层覆盖的黄土层（粉质砂土）破坏有关。雅鲁藏布江不断下切，在阶地及谷坡不同高度残留古河流冲积沙，遭受风蚀后风蚀堆积物形成古沙丘。因环境演变，古沙丘表面沉积黄土，形成致密坚硬的黄土层，不易被风吹蚀，成为古沙丘的保护层。黄土层受风蚀、水蚀及人类活动破坏，导致下伏古沙丘裸露，形成现代流动沙丘。

关键词: 雅鲁藏布江河谷, 加查-米林段, 古沙丘活化, 成因

Abstract: The Gyaca-Mainling section of the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, and there are 89 dunes here. In this paper, the formation mechanism of sand dunes is studied by means of field investigation, remote sensing satellite image interpretation, DEM and particle size analysis in the Gyaca-Mainling section. The results show that the dunes can be divided into three types: floodplain type dunes, terrace type dunes and valley slope type dunes according to the dunes distribution height. The formation of floodplain type dunes is closely related to the water level change of Yarlung Zangbo River. During flood season, floods submerge the floodplain and deposit a large amount of sediment. In dry season, the water level decreases. The sand material deposited in the floodplain is exposed and blown up to the bank slope by the wind and accumulated and then formed to floodplain type dunes. The formation of terrace type dunes and valley-slope dunes are related to the destruction of the overlying loess layer. With cut down of the Yarlung Zangbo River valley, the fossil alluvial sediments would be left over at different heights of terraces and valley slope. The fossil alluvial sediments are eroded by wind and formed fossil dunes. Later, due to environmental evolution, the surface of fossil dunes is covered by a layer of loess, which becomes the protective layer of fossil dunes. Once the protective layer was damaged by wind erosion, water erosion and human activities, the underlying fossil dunes would expose and formed mobile dunes.

Key words: Yarlung Zangbo River Valley, Gyaca-Mainling section, reactivation of fossil dunes, formation

中图分类号:

P931.3

刘慧, 李晓英, 夏翠珍, 姚正毅. 雅鲁藏布江河谷加查-米林段沙丘成因[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(3): 16-26.

Liu Hui, Li Xiaoying, Xia Cuizhen, Yao Zhengyi. Formation of dunes in Gyaca-Mainling section of Yarlung Zangbo River Valley of China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(3): 16-26.

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