塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地起伏地形近地层微气象特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00101

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用2018年10月8日至2019年1月31日塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地起伏地形上高大沙垄高点和低点的温度、相对湿度、风速和大气压同步观测资料,对比分析沙漠起伏地形上秋冬季的微气象特征。结果表明:塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地高大沙垄造成的地形起伏,使得沙垄高点和沙垄低点气温、比湿和风速日变化差异明显。沙垄高点和沙垄低点气温差异主要体现在夜间,与沙漠腹地夜间存在逆温现象有关,表现出沙垄高点气温明显高于沙垄低点,观测期气温差异平均值为6.6 ℃。沙垄低点气温日较差高于沙垄高点。2018年10、11、12月,气温随高度变化出现逆温现象与沙垄高点气温高于沙垄低点气温在时间上相互对应。两个站点比湿较小,平均比湿分别为0.68 g·kg^-1和0.99 g·kg^-1。比湿日变化趋势随季节发生显著变化,主要与大气稳定度增加、冬季水汽增多及夜间逆湿现象逐渐显著相关。地形位置较高的沙垄高点风速比沙垄低点大,风速差异主要体现在夜间。2018年11月2、14、15、20日和2019年1月30日,沙垄高点风速维持在1.9~4.6 m·s^-1,平均3.2 m·s^-1,沙垄低点风速维持在0.8~4\^5 m·s^-1,平均2.5 m·s^-1。

关键词: 起伏地形, 高大沙垄, 微气象, 塔克拉玛干沙漠

Abstract: Based on the synchronous observation data of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and air pressure on the high and low points of high sand ridges in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert from October 8, 2018 to January 31, 2019. We compared and analyzed the micrometeorological characteristics of autumn and winter on the undulating terrain of desert.The results show that the variation of topography caused by the high sand ridges makes the diurnal variation of air temperature, specific humidity and wind speed obvious between the high point of the sand ridge and the low point of the sand ridge in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert. The temperature of sand ridge high point and sand ridge low point difference is mainly related to the phenomenon of temperature inversion at night in the hinterland of desert,which shows that the temperature at the sand ridge high point is obviously higher than that of the sand ridge low point, and the average temperature difference during the observation period is 6.6 ℃.The daily range of temperature the low point of the sand ridge is higher than the high point of the sand ridge.In October, November and December 2018 the inversion phenomenon of air temperature with height corresponds to the time when the temperature at the high point of the sand ridge is higher than that at the low point of the sand ridge. The specific humidity of the two sites was smaller, and the average specific humidity was 0.68 g·kg^-1 and 0.99 g·kg^-1 respectively. The diurnal variation trend of specific humidity varies significantly with the season, which is mainly related to the increase of atmospheric stability, the increase of water vapor in winter and the phenomenon of reverse humidity at night. The wind speed at the high point of the sand ridge with higher terrain position is larger than that at the low point of the sand ridge, and the difference of wind speed is mainly reflected in the night. The wind speed was maintained between 1.9 and 4.6 m·s^-1 at the high point of the sand ridge, with an average wind speed of 3.2 m·s^-1. The low point wind speed of sand ridge is between 0.8 and 4.5 m·s^-1, and the average wind speed is 2.5 m·s^-1 on November 2, 14, 15, 20 and January 30, 2018.

Key words: fluctuated surface, tall sand ridge, micrometeorology, Taklimakan Desert

中图分类号:

P404

赵佳伟, 何清, 金莉莉, 李振杰, 买买提艾力·买买提依明, 张建涛, 艾克代·沙拉木. 塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地起伏地形近地层微气象特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(2): 144-155.

Zhao Jiawei, He Qing, Jin Lili, Li Zhenjie, Ali Mamtimin, Zhang Jiantao, Aikedai Shalamu. The surface layer micrometeorological characteristics of fluctuated surface in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(2): 144-155.

参考文献

[1] 胡继超,申双和,孙卫国,等.微气象学基础[M].北京:气象出版社,2014:1-7,168-194.
[2] 李健,秦翔,孙维君,等.祁连山老虎沟12号冰川近地层微气象特征分析[J].高原气象,2012,31(2):370-379.
[3] 李照国,吕世华,奥银焕,等.鄂陵湖湖滨地区夏季近地层微气象特征与碳通量变化分析[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(5):602-608.
[4] 张芬,刘绍民,徐自为,等.张掖绿洲-荒漠区域近地层微气象与水热交换特征[J].高原气象,2016,35(5):1233-1247.
[5] 胡隐樵,张强.开展干旱环境动力学研究的若干问题[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(1):18-23.
[6] 黄洁,金莉莉,曹兴,等.塔中气象要素变化特征[J].干旱气象,2011,29(3):315-321,349.
[7] 李建刚,奥银焕,李照国,等.巴丹吉林沙漠夏季大气边界层结构[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(2):488-497.
[8] 许兴斌,王乃昂,梁晓燕,等.巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山近地层温湿廓线与能量交换特征[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(6):1303-1312.
[9] 顾军明,霍文,艾力·买买提明,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘近地层气象要素变化特征[J].干旱气象,2014,32(2):239-247.
[10] 王娟.塔克拉玛干沙漠塔中地气水热特征分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2011:20-53.
[11] 何清,魏文寿,李祥余,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘暴过境时近地层风速、温度和湿度廓线特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2008,2(6):6-11.
[12] 胡文峰,何清,杨兴华,等.一次沙尘暴过程中的沙地面微气象要素及起沙参数分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(5):73-78.
[13] Fu C B.Potential impacts of human-induced land cover change on East Asia monsoon[J].Global and Planetary Change,2003,37(3/4):219-229.
[14] 严坤,李生宇,雷加强,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地生长季的小气候特征[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(2):198-202.
[15] 塔依尔,吕新,马兰花,等.沙漠增温效应下绿洲气象要素时空效应特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(2):146-150.
[16] 吴烨,霍文,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地自然沙面与人工绿地不同季节局地气候的差异性[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(2):75-82,88.
[17] Xue J,Gui D W,Lei J Q,et al.Oasis microclimate effects under different weather events in arid or hyper arid regions:a case analysis in southern Taklimakan desert and implication for maintaining oasis sustainability[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2018,53:1-13.
[18] 奥银焕,吕世华,韩博,等.巴丹吉林沙漠夏季近地层微气象特征分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(6):1682-1691.
[19] 金莉莉,李振杰,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地中心区域与边缘地带小气候[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(5):986-996.
[20] 中国气象局.地面气象观测规范[Z].北京:气象出版社,2003:21-27,129-130.