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中国沙漠 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 10-19.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00040

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西安重度以上污染天气PM2.5重金属污染特征与健康风险

王鑫1(), 肖舜1(), 董治宝1, 曹军骥2, 张宁宁2, 刘随心2, 沈振兴3, 徐红梅3, 管清玉4, 陶燕4, 蔡瑞婷1, 王雨萌1   

  1. 1.陕西师范大学 地理科学与旅游学院,陕西 西安 710119
    2.中国科学院地球环境研究所 中国科学院气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室,陕西 西安 710061
    3.西安交通大学 能源与动力学院,陕西 西安 710049
    4.兰州大学 资源环境学院,甘肃 兰州730000
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-18 修回日期:2020-04-18 出版日期:2020-09-28 发布日期:2020-09-28
  • 通讯作者: 肖舜
  • 作者简介:肖舜(E-mail: sxiao@snnu.edu.cn)
    王鑫(1995—),女,山西运城人,硕士研究生,研究方向为大气污染与环境健康。E-mail: wangxin_0622@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41771220);中央高校基本科研业务费自由探索项目(GK201803054)

Pollution characteristics and health risk of heavy metals in PM2.5 in severely polluted weather in Xi'an, China

Xin Wang1(), Shun Xiao1(), Zhibao Dong1, Junji Cao2, Ningning Zhang2, Suixin Liu2, Zhenxing Shen3, Hongmei Xu3, Qingyu Guan4, Yan Tao4, Ruiting Cai1, Yumeng Wang1   

  1. 1.College of Geography Science and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710061,China
    3.School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China
    4.College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2020-01-18 Revised:2020-04-18 Online:2020-09-28 Published:2020-09-28
  • Contact: Shun Xiao

摘要:

为研究汾渭平原核心城市(西安)重度以上污染天气PM2.5重金属污染特征及健康风险,选取2018年11月至2019年1月采集的PM2.5大气颗粒物样品,分析采样期间重度以上污染天气(AQI>200)PM2.5中与人群暴露健康风险关联的9种典型重金属成分,利用相关性分析揭示与气象因子的关系,运用富集因子、相关性和主成分分析方法判断来源,借助美国EPA风险暴露模型表征重金属健康风险水平。结果表明:PM2.5平均浓度191.49±48.67 μg·m-3,重金属的平均浓度(ng·m-3)顺序为Zn(324.98)、Mn(123.52)、Pb(118.59)、Cu(46.78)、As(18.11)、Cr(16.24)、Ni(5.37)、V(4.59)、Co(3.13)。致癌重金属中Cr与风速呈显著负相关(-0.462),Ni与气压呈显著负相关(-0.503)、Co与温度呈显著负相关(-0.506)。Zn、Pb、As污染与人为源密切相关,Ni、Co、Cu污染是自然源和人为源的共同作用;交通和燃煤排放、风飏粉尘、岩石风化排放一次气溶胶是重金属的主要来源。Mn元素具有较大非致癌风险,其他元素非致癌风险可忽略;Cr、As、Co风险值高于一般可接受水平,具有潜在致癌风险。

关键词: PM2.5, 重金属, 污染特征, 健康风险, 汾渭平原核心城市

Abstract:

To study the pollution characteristics and health risks of heavy metals in PM2.5 in severely polluted weather in Xi'an, a core city in Fenwei Plain of China, this study selected PM2.5 atmospheric particulate matter samples collected from November 2018 to January of the following year. It is used to analyze 9 typical heavy metal components in PM2.5 that are associated with the health risks of population exposure in severely polluted weather (AQI >200) during the sampling period, the correlation analysis to reveal the relationship with meteorological factors, the enrichment factor, correlation analysis and principal component analysis to determine the source, the EPA risk exposure model was used to characterize the health risk level. The results show that the average mass concentration of PM2.5 is 191.49±48.67 μg·m-3. The average concentration of heavy metal elements from high to low is Zn, Mn, Pb, Cu, As, Cr, Ni, V, Co. Correlation analysis with meteorological factors found that Cr was significantly negatively correlated with wind speed (-0.462), Ni was significantly negatively correlated with air pressure (-0.503), and Co was significantly negatively correlated with temperature (-0.506). Enrichment factor analysis results show that Zn, Pb, As pollution is closely related to anthropogenic sources, and Ni, Co, Cu pollution is the combined effect of natural and anthropogenic sources; Correlation analysis and principal component analysis results show that the main sources of heavy metals are transportation and coal combustion, wind dust, and rock weathering. The results of the health risk show that the non-carcinogenic risk of Mn element is high, and the non-carcinogenic risk of other elements can be ignored; and Cr, As, and Co risk values are higher than generally acceptable levels, which has potential carcinogenic risks.

Key words: PM2.5, heavy metals, pollution characteristics, health risk, core city in Fenwei Plain

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