关键词: 生态移民工程, 问题, 对策, 公平与效益, 祁连山北麓

Abstract:

As the main source of inland rivers in Hexi Corridor， the northern slope of Qilian Mountain maintains the existence and development of oasis in Hexi Corridor. Under the background of the construction of Qilian Mountain National Park， as an important measure to solve the disharmony of natural-economic system in ecologically fragile areas， the ecological migration project has the dual objectives of ecological protection and poverty eradication， and its implementation benefits and follow-up improvement have become one of hot issues concerned at present. According to literature analysis and the results of field survey in Wuwei City， based on the theoretical analysis of the concept of ecological migration and research trends， this paper analyzes the implementation process， existing problems and follow-up policy recommendations of the ecological migration project on the northern slope of Qilian Mountains. The result shows that： （1） The relocation for poverty alleviation in this area belongs to ecological migration， and the follow-up economic development and sustainable livelihood of migrants of in-migration area are the research focus. （2） The ecological migration started early， shows mainly as the form of the relocation for poverty alleviation， implements mainly in Wuwei City. Migrants have diversified ethnic groups and livelihood modes， and are mainly concentrated in new immigrant villages（small towns） with land， which causes strong typicality of this area. （3） At the same time of achieving ecological， economic and social benefits， there are also problems throughout the full process of project implementation. for example， migrant participation in the project planning is at low degree， the gap of welfare of policy is not well controlled in the relocation process， the follow-up industry development is lagging behind， and the construction of human settlement environment is not perfect， which affects the fairness and benefit of the project. （4） Natural conditions， industrial base and cultural level are the key factors of project benefits. Highlighting the public value of ecological migration policy and objectively understanding the economic development obstacles in backward areas are the key to solve the crux of the project. （5） In the future， we should ensure the migrants participate in the formulation of the project planning， the relative stability of the project period， the moderate difference between the migrants subjects and the supervision to the grassroots government to improve the fairness of the project. We should on the basis of the support of migrants’ livelihood capital implement classified policies to ensure full employment to improve the economic benefits of the project. We should strengthen the construction and management of the human settlement environment in the immigrant community to improve the ecological and social benefits of the project.

Key words: ecological migration project, problems, countermeasures, fairness and benefit, north slope of Qilian Mountain