img

官方微信

高级检索

中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 20-28.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00046

• • 上一篇    下一篇

19602021年民勤沙区10种典型荒漠植物种群变化特征

满多清(), 唐进年(), 杨雪梅, 李得禄, 郭树江, 陈芳, 丁峰   

  1. 甘肃省治沙研究所 甘肃民勤荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站/甘肃省沙生植物工程技术研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-28 修回日期:2023-04-14 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-11-30
  • 通讯作者: 唐进年
  • 作者简介:唐进年(E-mail: tangjngs@126.com
    满多清(1966—),男,甘肃凉州人,博士,研究员,主要从事荒漠生态与荒漠化防治研究。E-mail: mandq318@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFA0608401);国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32260426)

The change characteristics of 10 typical desert plant populations in Minqin desert area in 1960 to 2021

Duoqing Man(), Jinnian Tang(), Xuemei Yang, Delu Li, Shujiang Guo, Fang Chen, Feng Ding   

  1. Minqin National Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem Studies / Gansu Desert Plant Engineering Research Center,Gansu Desert Control Research Institute,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2023-03-28 Revised:2023-04-14 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-11-30
  • Contact: Jinnian Tang

摘要:

对60 a来民勤沙区10种典型荒漠植物种群分布、消长变化及现状进行调查研究。结果表明:随着水文生态环境不断恶化,沙漠化加剧,植被从原来的沼泽、草甸植被不断向沙、旱生方向演化,大量物种消失,植被演替加快,植被发生了显著变化。原来广布的草甸关键建群种芦苇(Phragmites communis)、柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)、盐爪爪(Kalidium foliatum)种群在沙区整体衰退,目前仅在河、湖岸,绿洲边缘生长较好;白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)种群逐渐替代柽柳成为沙区最大的天然灌木种群,并在一些沙区出现衰退,沙包活化;雨养沙区沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocephalla)、沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)等随降水多少而波动性扩展和衰退;超旱生植物膜果麻黄(Ephedra przewalskii)和红砂(Reamuria soongorica)在荒漠植被普遍退化中区域性扩展;人工梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)林已成为沙区仅次于白刺的种群,生态作用增强,而多年生梭梭林也出现自疏和退化现象;近年来,随着石羊河流域综合治理,民勤地区生态用水增加,局部区域地下水位有所上升,形成了一些微域性湿地,生态环境呈正向发展趋势,但多数沙区的地下水位仍在缓慢下降,沙漠化继续发展。研究将对内流河流域生态变化过程中的植被演化、生态修复与生态安全提供一定的理论依据与科技支撑。

关键词: 民勤沙区, 典型荒漠植物, 种群变化

Abstract:

This paper describes the distribution and change characteristics of 10 typical desert plant populations for 60a in Minqin desert area through investigation and research in the middle and lower reaches of Shiyang River water shed area. The results are as follows: with the long-run hydro-eco-environment deterioration, vegetation has changed from the original marsh, meadow vegetation to the sand, xerophyte direction. Some plant species disappeared, desertification process and vegetation evolution speeded up, and desert vegetation changed obviously. The key populations of Phragmites communisTamarix ramosissima and Kalidium foliatum have been deteriorated systemically, and which grows better only at river and lake banks and oasis fringes, now. Nitraria tangutorum has become into the largest natural population, which was instead of Tamarix ramosissima. However, some occurred degradation and their shrub sandbags activated. Artemisia arenariaCalligonum mongolicum and Zygophyllum xanthoxylum in the rain-fed desert are developing and degrading with precipitation fluctuation; Ephedra przewalskii and Reamuria soongorica which belong to the super-xerophyte have been developing in the desert vegetation deteriorated process; Man-made shrub forest of Haloxylon ammodendron has been developing to a more bigger population which is near to the Nitraria tangutorum population, and occurred self-alienation and degradation, eco-function increased obviously. With the eco-water increases under the integrated program implementation in the middle and lower reaches of the water-shed area, ground water-table rises up in some surroundings, micro-wetland formed and their eco-positive development in recent years. However, ground water-table still decreases in the most desert areas, desertification develops continue. The research will provide some scientific and technological support for vegetation evolution, eco-restoration and eco-safety in the process of ecological change in inland River basin.

Key words: desert areas in Minqin, typical desert plants, species population change

中图分类号: