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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 83-94.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00191

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基于绿洲稳定性的张掖盆地适宜灌溉规模阈值研究

贺王含1,2(), 杨林山1(), 邹星怡1,2, 王婧茹1,2, 卢调雪1,2, 夏鸿华1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-21 修回日期:2025-07-08 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-03-09
  • 通讯作者: 杨林山
  • 作者简介:贺王含(2002—),女,山西临汾人,硕士研究生,主要从事干旱区生态水文研究。E-mail: hewanghan24@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省科技计划项目(24JRRA079);国家自然科学基金项目(52522901);国家自然科学基金项目(52379030);中国科学院B类先导项目(XDB0720202);中国科学院青年创新促进会会员项目(2022435)

Threshold of suitable irrigation scale in Zhangye Basin based on oasis stability evaluation

Wanghan He1,2(), Linshan Yang1(), Xingyi Zou1,2, Jingru Wang1,2, Tiaoxue Lu1,2, Honghua Xia1,2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2025-05-21 Revised:2025-07-08 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-03-09
  • Contact: Linshan Yang

摘要:

张掖盆地作为干旱区典型灌溉绿洲,其稳定性与适宜灌溉规模对区域生态安全至关重要。本研究基于2000—2020年多源下垫面资料、水文气象数据及社会经济数据,采用修正水热平衡模型与多情景分析,定量评估张掖盆地绿洲稳定性并优化灌溉规模。结果表明:(1)研究期间张掖绿洲面积扩张452.8 km²,土地利用类型转化以未利用地向耕地和建设用地的转化为主;(2)修正的绿洲稳定性评价模型较传统模型考虑了植被实际蒸散耗水,评价结果更符合实际,张掖绿洲总体处于亚稳定至稳定状态(0.736),现状灌溉规模远超绿洲适宜灌溉规模,超载面积虽持续缩减,但用水压力依然突出;(3)多情景设置表明,社会经济需求会挤占农业用水,生态保护对用水要求更严格,平衡节水效率与发展强度可在保证绿洲灌溉规模的基础上优化绿洲稳定性。研究“以水定地”,为干旱区绿洲水资源高效配置提供了科学依据,对促进干旱区经济发展、社会稳定及生态环境良性循环有重要意义。

关键词: 绿洲稳定性, 水热平衡, 适宜灌溉规模, 节水灌溉

Abstract:

As a typical irrigated oasis in the arid regions, the stability and suitable irrigation scale of Zhangye Basin are critical to regional ecological security. Based on multi-source underlying surface data, hydrometeorological records, and socioeconomic statistics from 2000 to 2020, this study quantitatively evaluated oasis stability and optimized irrigation scale using a modified water-heat balance model and multi-scenario analysis. The results indicate: (1) During the study period, the oasis area expanded by 452.8 km² during the study period, primarily due to the conversion of unused land to cropland and construction land. (2) The modified oasis stability evaluation model considers the actual evapotranspiration consumption of vegetation more than the traditional model, and the evaluation results are more in line with reality. The overall stability of the Zhangye oasis generally exhibited sub-stable to stable (0.736), the current irrigation scale significantly exceeded the suitable irrigation scale of the oasis. Although the overloaded area has continuously decreased, the water stress remains prominent. (3) The multi-scenario setting indicates that social and economic demands will occupy agricultural water use, while ecological conservation imposes stricter water requirements. Balancing water-saving efficiency and development intensity can optimize the oasis stability of the oasis while maintaining irrigation capacity. This study demonstrates that "determining land use based on water availability" provides scientific support for efficient water allocation in arid oasis regions, with significant implications for promoting economic development, social stability, and eco-environmental sustainability.

Key words: oasis stability, water-heat balance, suitable irrigation scale, water-saving irrigation

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