Abstract: The geochemical characteristics of the soils in the Ulanbuh Desert and their types were studied. The results show that the migration of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, Mn and Ni in the surface layer of soil is evident. The Processes of Aluminosilifi-cation, ferruginization, calcification and salt accumulation are described. It is suggested that attention should be paid to soil amelioration for releasing crop from the harm caused by soluble salts and to nitrogen and phosphorus replenishment when the land is cultivated.