关键词: 玛纳斯河流域, 水资源系统, 流域规划, 绿洲生态系统, 水土资源, 水资源开发, 内陆河流域, 水土平衡, 防护体系, 人工灌溉

Abstract: In China, there are many inland rivers in arid zone, and in most desert, they can be found in intermontane basins. Rivers arc divided into interior valleys according to their watershed. Each one can be regarded as an integrated function unit of a closed valley ecosystem. This paper discuses processes of developing the river vally controlling deserts and combating desertification in the Manas Rriver valley on the north slope of the Tian Shan mt.. People there has made the full use of potential of water and land resources within the valley based on characteritics of the valley ecosystem. At first, they made overall planning valley of the according to water resources limits and its condition. Then the efficiency of water resources was made full use on desert ecological balance in the valley through constructing a complete valley water resource system, coordinating use of surface and underground water and mastering irrigation techniques. Moreover it is necessary to establish oases protective system in desert areas, improve soil fertility for raising productivity of land and regulate the structure of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandery. So doing an new ecosystem of artificial irrigation oasis, Shihezi Reclaimed Area is one of the example, has been established.