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中国沙漠 ›› 2001, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (2): 101-107.

• 研究论文 •    下一篇

江河源区的草地资源特征与草地生态变化

王根绪1,2, 程国栋1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000;
    2. 兰州大学资源环境学院, 甘肃兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2000-08-30 修回日期:2000-12-05 出版日期:2001-06-20 发布日期:2001-06-20
  • 作者简介:王根绪(1965-),男(汉族),甘肃天水人,研究员,博士,主要从事寒区早区资源与环境领域的研究工作
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所创新课题(CACX210042);中国科学院"西部之光"支持项目

Characteristics of Grassland and Ecological Changes of Vegetations in the Source Regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

WANG Gen-xu1,2, CHENG Guo-dong1   

  1. 1.Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lartzhou 730000, China;2. The Resources and Environmental College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou.730000, China
  • Received:2000-08-30 Revised:2000-12-05 Online:2001-06-20 Published:2001-06-20

摘要: 通过对江河源区草地生态类型与分布、草地资源特征及其利用现状的研究和生产力的评价,并根据70年代以来3期遥感资料和区域调查结果,分析了江河源区草地生态变化态势。结果表明:现状江河源区草地以高寒草原化草甸为主要草地类型,其分布面积占江河源区总草地面积的53.78%;组成草地牧草的主要植物种类的粗蛋白含量超过10%,粗脂肪含量在2%以上,能值储量在9.34 kJ·g-1以上;自70年代以来,由于区域畜牧业的迅速发展,江河源区冷季草场严重过牧,超载牲畜量达理论载畜量的1~5倍,大部分地区夏季草场亦超载,导致江河源区草地生态严重退化,年退化速度达6.64%~34.45%。合理利用草地资源,保护该区域脆弱生态环境已迫在眉睫。

关键词: 江河源区, 草地资源, 过牧, 草地退化

Abstract: Based on the grassland survey and remote sensing technology, the ecological types and their spatial distribution of grassland, the features of grassland resources and their utilization statues in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow rivers were studied. The production capacity of the grassland was estimated. By the regional eco-environment investigation and three periods' remote sensing information, the eco-environmental changes of the grassland in recent 40 years were analyzed. Those results showed: (l) The types of grassland in the study area were mainly the high-cold meadow and the high——cold steppe. The high-cold meadow was one of the most important grassland types in the study area, could be divided into four sub-types: high-cold typical meadow, high-cold swamp, high-cold steppe meadow and high-cold shrub meadow. The high-cold meadow area was about 53.78% of the whole study area. (2) The coarse protein contents of the main forage grass were over 10%, and the coarse fat contents over 2%, and the energy reserves over 9.34 kJ·g-1. (3) Since 1970s, because of the rapidly improvement of livestock husbandry the grazing over the cold season pastureland was very heavy with the l-5 fold larger than the theoretical carry capacity. The most of the warm pasturelands were over grazing too. Those resulted in the seripusly degradation of grassland with the annual degredating rate of 6.64% -34.45%. Rodent damages also play an important role in the ecological degradation. It was the most urgent need in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers to rationally utilize the grassland resources and to study possible rehabilitation measures for the eec-environment of the regions so as to ensure a sustainable development.

Key words: source region, grassland resources, over grazing, grassland degradation

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