关键词: 生态退化, 综合治理, 阿拉善地区

Abstract: The  three big ecological barriers situated in Alxa region were ever the important ecology defence-line of the Northwest China, but their sheltering function has degenerated due to vegetation degradation resulted from the zero-runoff of the Heihe river, lasting aridity of climate and the over-utilization to forest steppe. Consequently, lakes dried up, wetlands disappeared and oases drew back; vegetation degraded and the biodiversity reduced; desertification aggravated and sandstorms frequently broke out. The increasingly worsening eco-environment brought about severe damages to the ecology and society of Alxa region, and even influenced the Northwest and the North China. Viewed from the interaction among population-resources-environment, the Alex region is provided with unexampled advantages, such as the  vast territory but sparse population (which means the expansive resources space and flexible leeway) and the  plant species with very high resistance to rigorous natural environment. On the one hand, if take holding back the trend of eco-environment degenerating and doesnt exert damages to the neighboring regions as the aim, the target for eco-environment protection could be achieved via establishing the ecological depopulated area(enclosure area) and let the enclosed vegetation rehabilitate. On the other hand, the local water resources can meet the need for the integrated eco-environment control. The practice of applying characteristic model in eco-environment control of Alxa region demonstrated that the rehabilitation of the eco-environment is absolutely possible only in premise of rational investment and making great efforts under the good chance of  the western China being developed. The thought-train for realizing ecology recovering can be summarized as \!emigration, protection and construction\", namely, through the construction of ecology oases and high standard towns to attract peasant and herdsmen to emigrate from fragile desertified land, and to actualize the complete protection of the eco-environment in Alxa region. Amongst the though-train, the population emigration is core, the fragile eco-environmental protection is goal and the construction of oases and towns is emphasis.

Key words: ecology degeneration, integrated control, Alxa region