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中国沙漠 ›› 2005, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2): 228-233.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

沙坡头植被固沙区生物结皮对土壤水文过程的调控作用

李守中1, 肖洪浪2, 罗芳1, 宋耀选1, 刘立超1, 李守丽2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙坡头沙漠试验研究站, 甘肃兰州 730000;
    2. 中国科学院植物研究所北京 100093
  • 收稿日期:2004-03-13 修回日期:2004-09-26 出版日期:2005-04-20 发布日期:2005-04-20
  • 作者简介:李守中(1977-),男(汉族),山东沂南人,博士研究生,主要从事生态水文学的研究。E-mail:lisz126@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(40301020;40401004);中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX3-SW-324;KZCX1-09)共同资助

Regulation Effect of Microbiotic Crusts on Soil Hydrological Process in Shapotou Vegetated Sanddunes

LI Shou-zhong1, XIAO Hong-lang2, LUO Fang1, SONG Yao-xuan1, LIU Li-chao1, Li Shou-li2   

  1. 1. Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2. Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
  • Received:2004-03-13 Revised:2004-09-26 Online:2005-04-20 Published:2005-04-20

摘要: 生物结皮的土壤水文过程一直是学术界比较关注的争议性问题。通过对生物结皮的生态调查和水文物理实验分析、野外人工模拟降雨条件下的土壤水动力学试验、以及天然降雨后土壤水分的动态监测,分析了生物结皮对降雨渗透、土壤水分再分配和土面蒸发等土壤水文过程的调控作用,认为:(1)生物结皮层不仅降低了水分渗透速度和深度,还引起了土壤水分渗透的不稳定性,即指状流的出现;(2)生物结皮的逐年发育使土壤水分的分配格局和分配过程发生了很大变化,土壤水分再分配过程有明显的浅层化趋势,即生物结皮的降雨拦截作用;(3)生物结皮通过降低反射率和提高毛管作用,大大提高了土面蒸发。生物结皮对土壤水文过程的调控作用正在深刻地改变着固沙区的土壤水环境。

关键词: 生物结皮, 土壤水文过程, 调控作用, 沙坡头植被固沙区

Abstract: Soil hydrological process of microbiotic crusts (MC) has been a most debated problem with so much academic concerns all along. This paper synthetically analyzed the regulation effect of MC on soil hydrological processes such as precipitation penetration, soil water redistribution and surface evaporation, through a series of field ecological investigation on MC, experimental analysis on MC's hydrological properties and soil hydrodynamics experiment under simulated precipitation, as well as dynamic monitoring to soil water content in profiles of different sanddune regions(fixed and mobile) after natural precipitation. Some results are as follows:(1) MC not only reduced the speed and the depth of water penetration but also induced the instability of wetting front, i. e. appearance of finger flow in the water transition zone. (2) The year-after-year development of MC resulted in many variations of pattern processes of soil water distribution. Soil water redistribution in sanddune profile was shown toward top layer, meaning its interception role on precipitation. (3) MC increased the soil surface evaporation by reducing reflectivity and enhanced soil capillarity. The regulation effect of MC on soil hydrological process is that deeply altering the soil water environment in vegetation-fixed sanddune regions.

Key words: microbiotic crust, soil hydrological processes, regulation effect, Shapotou vegetation-fixed sanddune regions

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