关键词: 过度放牧, 脆弱环境, 草原退化, 监控措施

Abstract: Through investigating and analyzing the effects of overgrazing on the community type, coverage, biomass of pasture vegetation and characteristics of soil, it is showed that overgrazing leads to some very serious environmental problems, which in return exerts adverse effects on animal husbandry. Overgrazing causes grassland deterioration and soil erosion, especially in spring, the damage of overgrazing is the most serious. The changeability and easy to deterioration of pasture ecosystem determine that grazing leads to a series of problems, even causes some serious problems such as salinization or alkalinization, hungriness and drying in deep soil. This paper points out that content of saline-alkaline in soil, vegetation coverage, moisture in deep soil, humidity of subaerial air and its content of atomy should be monitored, which are the bases to establish some rational developmental plans and supervisory measures, it is very necessary for ecological and environmental improvement and long-range development of animal husbandry.

Key words: overgrazing, fragile environment, grassland deterioration, monitoring measures