[1]United Nations Population Division.World Population Prospects 1950-2050 (The 2000 Revision) [EB/OL].New York:United Nations,2001[2006-03-21].http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2000/wpp2000h.pdf[Geo-2-204]. [2]UNEP.GEO3 Past,Present and Future Perspectives[M]∥United Nations Environment Programme.London:Earthscan Publications Ltd,VA,2002. [3]UNEP.World Atlas of Desertification [M].London:Arnold,1992. [4]Oldeman L R,Hakkeling R T A,Sombroek W G.World map of the status of human-induced soil degradation[M].Wageningen:International Soil Reference and Information Centre,1990. [5]FAO.Our Land Our Future[R].Rome and Nairobi:Food and Agriculture Organization and United Nations Environment Programme,1996. [6]FAO.Agriculture:Towards 2015/30 [EB/OL]//Technical Interim Report April 2000.Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization,2001[2006-03-21].http://www.fao.org/es/ESD/at2015/chapter1.pdf[Geo-2-167]. [7]FAO/IFA.Fertilizer Strategies [EB/OL].Rome and Paris:Food and Agriculture Organization and International Fertilizer Industry Association,1999[2006-03-21].http://ftp.fao.org/agl/agll/ch10/ch104.pdf. [8]FAO.Prevention and disposal of obsolete and unwanted pesticide stocks in Africa and the Near East [EB/OL].Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization,1995[2006-03-21].http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8419E/W8419e09.ht m#7[Geo-2-165]. [9]UNEP.GEO year book:an overview of our changing environment 2004/2005 [EB/OL].United Nations Environment Programme,2005[2006-03-21].http://www.unep.org/geo/yearbook. [10] FAO.Planning for Sustainable Use of Land Resources:Towards a New Approach[M]∥FAO Land and Water Bulletin 2.Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization,1995. [11]CSD.Comprehensive Assessment of the Freshwater Resources of the World [R/OL]∥Report of the Secretary-General.New York:United Nations Economic and Social Council,1997[2006-03-21].http://www.un.org/documents/ecosoc/cn17/1997/ec n171997-9.htm[Geo-2-117]. [12]WCED.Our Common Future:The World Commission on Environment and Development[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1987. [13]UNCCD.Fact Sheet 2:The Causes of Desertification [R/OL].United Nations Secretariat of the Convention to Combat Desertification,2000[2006-03-21].http://www.unccd.int/publicinfo/factsheets/showFS.php? Number=2[Geo-2-171]. [14]Reich P F,Numbem S T,Almaraz R A,et al.Land Resource Stresses and Desertification in Africa [M]∥Bridges E M,Hannam I D,Oldeman L R,et al.Responses to Land Degradation.Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Land Degradation and Desertification.Khon Kaen,Thailand.New Delhi.London:Oxford University Press,2001. [15]UNCCD.The Social and Economic Impact of Desertification in Several Asian Countries:Inventory Study [R].Geneva:Interim Secretariat of the Convention to Combat Desertification,1998. [16]UNEP.North East Asian Dust and Sand Storms Growing in Scale and Intensity [DB/OL].United Nations Environment Programme/Global Resource Information Database,2004[2006-03-21].http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=389&ArticleID=4401&l=en. [17]朱震达.中国北方沙漠化现状及发展趋势[J].中国沙漠,1985,5(3):3-11. [18]王涛,赵哈林.中国沙漠科学的五十年[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(3):145-165. [19]王涛,赵哈林,肖洪浪.中国沙漠化研究的进展[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(4):299-311. [20]王涛,朱震达.我国沙漠化研究的若干问题——1.沙漠化的概念及其内涵[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(3):299-311. [21]王涛.我国沙漠化研究的若干问题——2.沙漠化的研究内容[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(5):477-482. [22]王涛.我国沙漠化研究的若干问题——3.沙漠化研究和防治的重点区域[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(1):1-9. [23]王涛,朱震达,赵哈林.我国沙漠化研究的若干问题——4.沙漠化的防治战略与途径[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(2):115-123. [24]薛娴,王涛,吴薇,等.中国北方农牧交错区沙漠化发展过程及其成因分析[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(3):320-328. [25]FAO.Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000 [EB/OL].FAO Forestry Paper 140.Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization,2001[2006-03-21].http://www.fao.org/forestry/fo/fra/[Geo-2-391]. [26]UNEP-WCMC.GEO3 Endangered Animals Snapshot[EB].United Nations Environment Programme-World Conservation Monitoring Centre,2001[2006-03-21].http://valhalla.unep-wcmc.org/isdb/geo3.cfm[Geo-2-068]. [27]Sala O E,Chapin III F S,Armesto J J,et al.Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100[J].Science,2000,287:1770-1774. [28]Pimm S I,Russell G J,Gittelman J L,et al.The future of biodiversity[J].Science,1995,269:347-350. [29]CREO.CREO,the Committee on Recently Extinct Organisms[EB/OL].New York:American Museum of Natural History,2001[2006-03-21].http://creo.amnh.org/index.html[Geo-2-066]. [30]Bird Life International.Threatened Birds of the World[R].Barcelona and Cambridge:Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International,2000. [31]Hilton-Taylor C.2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species[EB/OL].The World Conservation Union,2000[2006-03-21].http://www.redlist.org/info/tables/table4a.html[Geo-2-069]. [32]May R M,Lawton J H,Stork N E.Assessing Extinction Rates[M]∥Lawton J H,May R M,(ed.).Extinction Rates.Oxford,Oxford University Press,1995. [33]Mace G M.Classification of threatened species and its role in conservation planning[M].In J.H.Lawton and R.M.May (ed.),Extinction Rates.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995. [34]IUCN.2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [EB/OL].IUCN—The World Conservation Union,2004[2006-03-21].http://www.redlist.org. [35]WCD.Dams and Development:A New Framework for Decision-Making[EB/OL].The Report of the World Commission on Dams.London:Earthscan,2000[2006-03-21].http://www.damsreport.org/wcd_overview.htm[Geo-2-122]. [36]Nilsson C,Reidy C A,Dynesius M,et al.Fragmentation and flow regulation of the world's large river systems [J].Science,2005,308:405-408. [37]WWF.Rivers at Risk:Dams and the future of freshwater ecosystems[EB/OL].Washington: World Wide Fund for Nature,2004[2006-03-21].Htttp://www.panda.org/downloads/freshwater/WWF-Rivers at Risk Dams and the future of freshwater ecosystems.htm. [38]Dynesius M,Nilsson C.Fragmentation and flow regulation of river systems in the northern third of the world[J].Science,1994,266:753-762. [39]ILEC (International Lake Environment Committee Foundation).World lake vision:A call to action[EB/OL].Shiga:International Lake Environment Committee,2003[2006-03-21].Htttp://www.ilec.or.jp. [40]UNDP.Water resources of Kazakhstan in the new millennium [OL/EB]∥United Nations Development Programme.Almaty:United Nations Development Programme,2004[2006-03-21].http://www.undp.kz/library_of_publications/center_view.html?id=2496. [41]Finlayson C M,Davidson N C,Spiers A G,et al.Global wetland inventory-current status and future priorities[J].Marine and Freshwater Research,1999,50(8):717-728. [42]UNEP-WCMC.Global Biodiversity:Earths Living Resources in the 21st Century [M].Cambridge:World Conservation Press,2000. [43]GESAMP.Protecting the Oceans from Land-Based Activities[R/OL]∥Land-based Sources and Activities Affecting the Quality and Uses of the Marine,Coastal and Associated Freshwater Environment.GESAMP Reports and Studies No.71.Nairobi:United Nations Environment Programme,2001[2006-03-21].http://gesamp.imo.org/no71/index.htm[Geo-2-238]. [44]Holmgren S.An Environmental Assessment of the Bay of Bengal Region[M].BOPG/REP/67.Madras:Bay of Bengal Programme,1994. [45]UNEP.Municipal Waste Water as a Land-Based Source of Pollution in Coastal and Marine Areas of Latin America and the Caribbean[R].Mexico:United Nations Environment Programme,Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean,2001. [46]EC.Nutrient Additions and Their Impacts on the Canadian Environment[R].Ottawa:Environment Canada,2000. [47]Worldwatch Institute.State of the World 1999:Chapter 5,Charting a New Course for Oceans[R].Washington DC:Worldwatch Institute and W.W.Norton,1999. [48]FAO.AQUASTAT-FAOs information system on water and agriculture[R/OL].Geneva:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation,2001[2006-03-21].http://www.fao.org/ waicent/faoinfo/agricult/agl/aglw/aquastatweb/main/html/background.htm[Geo-2-119]. [49] Shiklomanov I A.World freshwater resources [M]∥Gleick P H.Water in Crisis:A Guide to the World’s Freshwater Resources.New York:Oxford University Press,1993. [50] World Commission on Water.World’s Rivers in Crisis-Some Are Dying; Others Could Die [R/OL].World Water Council,1999[2006-03-21].http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/Vision/6902B03438178538C125683A004BE974.htm[Geo-2]. [51]UNESCO,WHO,UNEP.Water Quality Assessments—A Guide to Use of Biota,Sediments and Water in Environmental Monitoring [M/OL].Second Edition.London:E&FN Spon,1996[2006-03-21].http://www.who.int /water-sanitation-health/resourcesquality/wqa/en/. [52]PAI.Sustaining Water:An Update[R].Washington DC:Population Action International,Population and Environment Programme,1995. [53]CSD.Overall Progress Achieved Since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development [R].Report of the Secretary-General.Addendum-Protection of the Quality and Supply of Freshwater Resources:Application of Integrated Approaches to the Development,Management and Use of Water Resources.United Nations Economic and Social Council,1997. |