大型水库运行下内蒙古河道泥沙侵蚀淤积过程

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过1954—2000年黄河泥沙资料分析,黄河内蒙古河段侵蚀淤积过程对上游水库运行的响应主要表现为:①盐锅峡和三盛公首先将黄河输沙能力由7.33 kg·m-3降为6.27 kg·m-3, 使内蒙古河道由自然淤积状态转变为侵蚀下切状态，小于0.1 mm泥沙侵蚀速率高于大于0.1 mm泥沙淤积速率，河道发生粗化现象；②）刘家峡和青铜峡水库将黄河输沙能力降为3.91 kg·m-3，促使黄河河道中大于0.01 mm泥沙淤积速率大于小于0.01 mm泥沙侵蚀速率，使内蒙古河道发生粗化淤积现象；③龙羊峡水库将黄河输沙能力进一步降为 3.48 kg·m-3,加剧黄河内蒙古河道淤积现象，大于0.01 mm泥沙和小于0.01 mm泥沙均呈现出淤积状态，淤积速度与黄河上游无水库运作时的自然状态相似。

关键词: 水库, 泥沙, 侵蚀淤积, 内蒙古河道

Abstract:

The channel responses of the Inner Mongolian Reach to operation of its upstream reservoirs have different patterns. First, the Yanguoxia and Sanshenggong reservoirs, with their storages of 2.2×108 and 0.5×108 m3, respectively, reduced the sand-transport capacity from 7.33 to 6.27 kg·m-3, thus transforming a naturally net aggradational river channel into one in which erosion rate (<0.01 mm) was more than deposition rate (>0.01 mm). Also, the river channel was degraded and coarsening. Second, the Liujiaxia and Qintongxia reservoirs, with their storages of 57×108 and 5.7×108 m3, respectively, reduced the sand-transport capacity to 3.91 kg·m3. Thus, AS was larger than FS. Such a process may accelerate the alluvial process of the riverbed. Third, the Longyangxia reservoir, with its storage of 247×108 m3, reduced the sand-transport capacity to 3.48 kg·m-3, thus transforming the river channel into one in which both AS and FS may increase. The river channel elevation was as much as that in the pre-reservoir period.

Key words: reservoir, sediment, erosion and deposition processes, Inner Mongolian Reach of the Yellow River

中图分类号:

P343.1

王海兵;贾晓鹏. 大型水库运行下内蒙古河道泥沙侵蚀淤积过程[J]. 中国沙漠, 2009, 29(1): 189-192.

WANG Hai-bing;JIA Xiao-peng. Channel Deposition and Erosion Processes of Inner Mongolian Reach of Yellow River following Upstream Reservoirs’ Operation[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2009, 29(1): 189-192.

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