关键词: 人工绿洲, 扩张, 社会经济, 环境问题, 玛纳斯河流域

Abstract: Based on field survey and monitoring data in 2007-2009 and remote sensing image data in 1958, 1976, 1987, 1998 and 2006, we analyzed the evolution of artificial oasis in Manas River basin and the effects of rapid artificial oasis expansion on social economy and ecological environment in the 60 years. The importance of maintaining appropriate oasis scale was stressed and adjustment measures for sustainable development of the Manas River basin were proposed too. Main conclusions are that: (1) The growth rates of cultivated land and oasis are 107.756 km2·a-1 and 122.401 km2·a-1 respectively in the 60 years. (2) The rapid expansion of oasis has a positive influence on the social economy development. Meanwhile, the rapid oasis expansion in Manas River basin results in some environmental problems, such as overload operation of surface water with utilization rate more than 90%, ground water table dropping significantly at an annual rate of 0.5～1 m·a-1 because of over-exploitation, serious environmental pollution, dieing of large number of protective forest, serious deforestation, grassland area decrease of 4 316.39 km2 from 1958 to 2006, and serious desertification threat to human beings. Therefore, adjustment measures for the future development of the oasis are proposed from the perspective of sustainable development, such as oasis scale control, moderate exploitation of groundwater, transformation of industrial structure and establishment of ecological compensation mechanism.

Key words: artificial oasis, expansion, social economy, environmental problems, Manas River basin