阿拉善荒漠典型植物功能群氮、磷化学计量特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00431

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氮（N）、磷（P）作为荒漠生态系统重要的养分元素和限制性因子，在维持植物功能群组成及结构稳定、生态系统内养分循环中发挥着重要的作用。本研究沿水热梯度从东至西在阿拉善荒漠设置52个调查样地，通过对优势植物的调查取样，分析了荒漠植物不同功能（类）群N、P元素的生态化学计量特征，并就N、P含量及N：P值对荒漠植物的限制性作用进行了检验和讨论。结果显示：（1）所调查阿拉善荒漠区植物叶片的N、P含量分别为10.65±7.91 mg·g^-1和1.04±0.81 mg·g^-1，N：P值为11.53±5.06，叶片N含量与P含量及N：P值均显著正相关，P含量与N：P值显著负相关；通过对比分析认为该区植物同时受到N、P双重制约，且更易受N限制。（2）从植物生活型比较，认为草本植物叶片N、P含量均高于灌木植物叶片，而灌木植物叶片的N：P值大于草本植物；对光合作用途径分析发现，C₃植物叶片N含量高于C₄植物叶片，而C₄植物叶片P含量高于C₃植物叶片；从系统发育类型方面分析，认为单子叶植物叶片N含量低于双子叶植物叶片N含量，而P含量则高于双子叶植物叶片P含量。

关键词: 荒漠生态系统, 功能群, N：P, 生态化学计量学

Abstract: Nitrogen and phosphorus are crucial limiting factors of nutrient elements in desert ecosystem, which play vital roles in maintaining the rational composition of plant functional groups and driving the nutrient cycling of the desert ecosystem. By sampling the dominant plant leaves among the 52 sample sites that be set along the precipitation and temperature gradients from the eastern to western in Alashan desert, ecological stoichiometric characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus among different plant functional groups were analyzed and the restrictive effects of N and P on the desert plants were tested and discussed. The results showed that (1) Leaf N and P concentrations were (10.65±7.91) mg·g^-1and (1.04±0.81) mg·g^-1, respectively, while N:P was (11.53±5.06). Leaf nitrogen has significantly positive correlation with N and N:P ratio and leaf P has significantly negative correlation with N:P ratio. By comparison and analysis, desert plants were co-limited by N and P, and were more limited by N. (2) Generally, from the comparison of plant life types, leaf N and P content in herbaceous plants were higher than those in shrubs and N:P in shrubs was greater than in herbs. From the analysis of photosynthetic pathway, C₃ plants had higher average N concentration than C₄ plants, while C₄ plants had higher average P concentration than C₃ plants. From the type of phylogenetic, leaf N content was lower in monocotyledons than in dicotyledons while P content was higher in monocotyledons than in dicotyledons.

Key words: desert ecosystem, plant functional, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents, ecological stoichiometry

中图分类号:

Q948.15

张珂, 陈永乐, 高艳红, 回嵘, 何明珠. 阿拉善荒漠典型植物功能群氮、磷化学计量特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(5): 1261-1267.

Zhang Ke, Chen Yongle, Gao Yanhong, Hui Rong, He Mingzhu. Stoichiometry Characteristics of Leaf Nitrogen and Phosphorus of Different Plant Functional Groups in Alashan Desert Region[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2014, 34(5): 1261-1267.

参考文献

[1] Han W X,Fang J Y,Guo D L,et al.Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 753 terrestrial plant species in China[J].New Phytologist,2005,168:377-385.
[2] 曾德慧,陈广升.生态化学计量学:复杂生命系统奥秘的探索[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(6):1007-1019.
[3] 邬畏,何兴东,周启星.生态系统氮磷比化学计量特征研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(2):296-302.
[4] Andersen T,Elser J J,Hessen D O.Stoichiometry and population dynamics[J].Ecology Letters,2004,7:884-900.
[5] Reed S C,Townsend A R,Davidson E A,et al.Stoichiometric patterns in foliar nutrient resorption across multiple scales[J].New Phytologist,2012,196:173-180.
[6] G sewell S.N：P ratios in terrestrial plants:variation and functional significance[J].New Phytologist,2004,164:243-266.
[7] Alison R M,Benjamin Z H.Nitrogen inputs accelerate phosphorus cycling rates across a wide variety of terrestrial ecosystems[J].New Phytologist,2012,193:696-704.
[8] gren G I,Wetterstedt J ,Billberger M F K,et al.Nutrient limitation on terrestrial plant growth-modeling the interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus[J].New Phytologist,2012,194:953-960.
[9] G sewell S,Koerselman W,Verhoeven J T A.Biomass N：P ratios as indicators of nutrient limitation for plant populations in wetlands[J].Ecological Applications,2003,13:372-384.
[10] Zhang N Y,Guo R,Song P,et al.Effects of warming and nitrogen deposition on the coupling mechanism between soil nitrogen and phosphorus in Songnen Meadow Steppe,northeastern China[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,65:96-104.
[11] Ceulemans T,Merckx R,Maarten H,et al.Plant species loss from European semi-natural grasslands following nutrient enrichment-is it nitrogen or is it phosphorus?[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2013,22:73-82.
[12] 宋彦涛,周道玮,李强,等.松嫩草地80种草本植物叶片氮磷化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(3):222-230.
[13] Elser J J,Fagan W F,Denno R F,et al.Nutritional constraints in terrestrial and freshwater foodwebs[J].Nature,2000,408:578-580.
[14] Ordoez J C,Van Bodegom P M,Witte J P M,et al.A global study of relationships between leaf traits,climate and soil measures of nutrient fertility[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2009,18:137-149.
[15] Thompson K,Parkinson J A,Band S R,et al.A comparative study of leaf nutrient concentrations in a regional herbaceous flora[J].New Phytologist,1997,136:679-689.
[16] 任书杰,于贵瑞,姜春明,等.中国东部南北样带森林生态系统102个优势种叶片碳氮磷化学计量学统计特征[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(3):581-586.
[17] 杨阔,黄建辉,董丹,等.青藏高原草地植物群冠层叶片氮磷化学计量学分析[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):17-22.
[18] 王晶苑,王绍强,李纫兰,等.中国四中森林主要优势植物的C：N：P化学计量学特征[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(6):587-595.
[19] Wu T G,Yu M K,Wang G G,et al.Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across forty-two woody species in Southeast China[J].Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2012,44:255-263.
[20] 张文彦,樊江文,钟华平,等.中国典型草原优势植物功能群氮磷化学计量学特征研究[J].草地学报,2010,18(4):503-509.
[21] Bai Y F,Wu J G,Clark C M,et al.Grazing alters ecosystem functioning and C：N：P stoichiometry of grasslands along a regional precipitation gradient[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,49:1204-1215.
[22] He J S,Wang L,Flynn D F B,et al.Leaf nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometry across Chinese grassland biomes[J].Oecologia,2008,155:301-310.
[23] Zhang L X,Bai Y F,Han X G.Differential responses of N：P stoichiometry of Leymus chinensis and Carex korshinskyi to N additions in a steppe ecosystem in Nei Mongol[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2004,46(3):259-270.
[24] 阎凯,付登高,何峰,等.滇池流域富磷区不同土壤水平下植物叶片的养分化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(4):353-361.
[25] Dijkstra F A,Pendall E,Morgan J A,et al.Climate change alters stoichiometry of phosphorus and nitrogen in a semiarid grassland[J].New Phytologist,2012,196:807-815.
[26] Zhang H Y,Wu H H,Yu Q,et al.Sampling date,leaf age and root size:implications for the study of plant C：N：P stoichiometry[J].PLoS ONE,2013,8(4):e60360.
[27] 甘露,陈伏生,胡小飞,等.南昌市不同植物类群叶片氮磷浓度及其化学计量比[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(3):344-348.
[28] Li X R,Zhang Z S,Zhang J G,et al.Association between vegetation patterns and soil properties in the southeastern Tengger Desert,China[J].Arid Land Research and Management,2004,18:369-383.
[29] 李新荣,谭会娟,何明珠,等.阿拉善高原灌木种的丰富度和多度格局对环境因子变化的响应:极端干旱荒漠地区灌木多样性保育的前提[J].中国科学(D辑),2009,39(4):504-515.
[30] 杨雪,李奇,王绍美,等.两种白刺叶片及沙堆土壤化学计量学特征的比较[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(5):1156-1161.
[31] 牛得草,陈鸿洋,江世高,等.荒漠植物把握霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum) 不同大小叶片C、N、P化学计量特征[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(3):703-709.
[32] 王涛.中国沙漠与沙漠化[M].石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,2003.
[33] 中国科学院内蒙古宁夏综合考察队.综合考察专辑:内蒙古植被[M].北京:科学出版社,1975.
[34] 贺金生,韩兴国.生态化学计量学:探索从个体到生态系统的统一化理论[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):2-6.
[35] Wright I J,Reich P B,Westoby M,et al.The worldwide leaf economics spectrum[J].Nature,2004,428:821-827.
[36] Reich P B,Oleksyn J.Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101:11001-11006.
[37] G sewell S,Koerselman W.Variation in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of wetland plants[J].Perspectives in Plant Ecology,Evolution and Systematics,2002,(5):37-61.
[38] 杨惠敏,王冬梅.草-环境系统植物碳氮磷生态化学计量学及其对环境因子的响应研究进展[J].草业学报,2011,20(2):244-252.
[39] Lambers H,Chapin F S,Pons T L.Plant Physiological[M].New York,USA:Springer,1998:66-67.
[40] 张红光,郑广宇,刘强.不同C₄植物叶片N、P质量分数变化及科、种间差异比较[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(8):52-54.
[41] 阎恩荣,王希华,周武.天童常绿阔叶林演替系列植物群落的N：P化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2007,32(1):13-22.
[42] Elser J J,Sterner R W,Gorokhova E,et al.Biological stoichiometry from genes to ecosystems[J].Ecology Letters,2000,(3):540-550.
[43] Koerselman W,Meuleman A F.The vegetation N：P ratio:A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1996,33:1441-1450.
[44] 刘旻霞,马建祖.阴坡-阳坡梯度上的植物叶片N：P 化学计量学特征研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(3):139-144.
[45] Aerts R,Chapin FS Ⅲ.The mineral nutrition of wild plants revised:a reevaluation of processes and patterns[J].Advances in Ecological Research,2000,30:1-67.
[46] Tian C Y,Shi Z Y,Chen Z C,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in the Gurbantonggut Desert[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51:140-146.
[47] Shi Z Y,Feng G,Christie P,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhizal status of spring ephemerals in the desert ecosystem of Junggar Basin,China[J].Mycorrhiza,2006,16:269-275.