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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 152-161.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00068

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戈壁地表粉尘释放特征

郑庆果(), 张春来(), 张亚静, 王雪松, 李文平, 卜凡蕊, 赵嘉琪, 崔欣然, 夏至善   

  1. 北京师范大学 地表过程与水土风沙灾害风险防控全国重点实验室/防沙治沙教育部工程研究中心/地理科学学部,北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-27 修回日期:2025-05-10 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 张春来
  • 作者简介:郑庆果(1999—),男,河南太康人,硕士研究生,土壤风蚀研究方向。E-mail: qg_zheng@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点项目(U21A2001);地表过程与水土风沙灾害风险防控全国重点实验室项目(2024-ZD-02)

Characteristics of dust emission from gobi surfaces

Qingguo Zheng(), Chunlai Zhang(), Yajing Zhang, Xuesong Wang, Wenping Li, Fanrui Bu, Jiaqi Zhao, Xinran Cui, Zhishan Xia   

  1. National Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Disaster Risk Reduction / MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-Sand Control / Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
  • Received:2025-03-27 Revised:2025-05-10 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-06-30
  • Contact: Chunlai Zhang

摘要:

戈壁地表粉尘释放是中国西北干旱区重要的自然地理现象,目前粉尘释放模型的应用未能充分考虑戈壁复杂地表属性,对不同粒径范围的粉尘模拟能力不足。对阳关绿洲边缘戈壁的风速、粉尘浓度、输沙通量进行了同步观测,结果表明:戈壁地表PM15和PM2.5释放通量分别与摩阻风速呈2次幂和4次幂函数关系,与输沙率线性正相关,粉尘释放效率随摩阻风速增大而呈降低趋势。PM2.5在总粉尘释放通量中的占比随摩阻风速和输沙率的增大而呈对数律增大,PM10-15占比呈相反的变化趋势。戈壁区流沙斑块对戈壁粉尘释放和输移具有重要影响。地表未起沙时,戈壁表面粉尘水平输送主要来源于上风向流沙斑块吹扬释放的粉尘,有流动沙源分布条件下的粉尘释放通量较无流动沙源分布条件下的粉尘释放通量增大2倍以上。地表风蚀起沙时,戈壁表面的粉尘既有来自流沙区的扬尘输送,也有风沙流击溅磨蚀产生的粉尘释放,且以后者为主。上风向无流动沙源条件下,戈壁粉尘释放主要受风速和表层沉积物中粉尘含量的控制。

关键词: 戈壁地表, 风蚀事件, 粉尘释放通量, 粉尘输送

Abstract:

Dust emission from the gobi surface constitutes a significant natural geographical phenomenon in the arid regions of northwestern China. Current applications of dust emission models have inadequately accounted for the complex surface attributes of the gobi and exhibit insufficient simulation capabilities for dust particles across different size ranges. This study reveals that the PM15 and PM2.5 emission fluxes from the gobi surface follow quadratic and quartic power functions with friction velocity, respectively, and show a linear positive correlation with sand transport rate. Dust emission efficiency decreases as friction velocity increases. The proportion of PM2.5 in the total dust emission flux increases logarithmically with rising friction velocity and sand transport rate, while the proportion of PM10-15 exhibits an opposite trend. Mobile sand patches in the gobi region significantly influence dust emission and transport. When no sand entrainment occurs on the surface, horizontal dust transport above the gobi surface primarily originates from windblown dust released by upwind mobile sand patches. The dust emission flux under conditions with patchily distributed mobile sand sources is double more than that without such sources. During surface wind erosion events, dust emissions from the gobi surface arise both from transported dust originating in mobile sand areas and from abrasion-induced release by saltating sand particles, with the latter dominating. In the absence of upwind mobile sand sources, gobi dust emissions are primarily controlled by wind velocity and the dust content in surface sediments.

Key words: gobi surface, wind erosion events, dust emission flux, dust transport

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