柠条锦鸡儿（ Caragana korshinskii ）形态对树干茎流产量的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00056

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

树干茎流指被植物冠层拦截的沿主干向下汇集到根区土壤的部分降水，是旱区灌木重要的水分和养分来源。本文以腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头地区的优势固沙灌木柠条锦鸡儿（Caragana korshinskii）为研究对象，对其树干茎流进行野外定位观测，量化灌木形态特征对树干茎流产量的影响。结果表明：（1）树干茎流占同期降水比例平均为3.6%；（2）树干茎流率（单位降雨产生的树干茎流量，mL·mm^-1）与株高、基径、枝条数、冠层体积、冠层投影面积显著正相关（P<0.05）；（3）依据熵权法权重得出影响灌木各分枝树干茎流产量的形态特征参数重要性为基径（0.50）>倾角（0.28）>长度（0.22）。研究结果有助于清晰认知干旱区植被系统-土壤系统水循环过程，为评估植被形态结构参数对树干茎流产量影响提供数据支持和方法参考。

关键词: 树干茎流, 固沙灌木, 冠层结构, 熵权法

Abstract:

Stemflow refers to the portion of precipitation intercepted by plant canopies that flows down along stems and accumulates in root zone soil， serving as an important water and nutrient source for shrubs in arid regions. In this study， we conducted field observations of stemflow for Caragana korshinskii， a dominant sand-fixing shrub of Shapotou area， located at the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert. We then quantified the effects of shrub morphological metrics on stemflow production. Our results indicated that：（1） stemflow accounted for 3.62% of the gross rainfall；（2） stemflow rate （stemflow volume per unit rainfall， mL·mm^-1） had a significant positive correlation （P<0.05） with plant height， basal diameter， number of branches， canopy volume， and canopy projection area， respectively； and （3） Based on entropy weight method analysis， the morphological metrics influencing stemflow yield across shrub branches were prioritized as follows：basal diameter （0.50） > branch inclination angle （0.28） > branch length （0.22）. Our study contributes valuable insights into vegetation-soil system water cycle processes in arid regions， providing both data support and methodological references for evaluating the effects of plant morphological parameters on stemflow production.

Key words: stemflow, sand-fixing shrubs, canopy structure, entropy weight method

中图分类号:

S715.3

姚渭琦, 张亚峰, 袁川, 陈晶亮, 霍建强, 潘颜霞, 王苗苗. 柠条锦鸡儿（ Caragana korshinskii ）形态对树干茎流产量的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2025, 45(3): 346-356.

Weiqi Yao, Yafeng Zhang, Chuan Yuan, Jingliang Chen, Jianqiang Huo, Yanxia Pan, Miaomiao Wang. The influence of morphological characteristics of Caragana korshinskii on stemflow production[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(3): 346-356.

图/表 11

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形态参数	编号
形态参数	Ck_1	Ck_2	Ck_3	Ck_4	Ck_5
株高/m	2.88	2.07	2.04	1.85	1.98
冠幅/cm	308×409	199×206	180×155	247×265	178×202
基径/mm	48.48	24.48	23.45	21.25	21.09
基部面积/m²	0.129	0.122	0.062	0.034	0.032
叶面积指数	1.07	0.86	0.55	1.07	0.62
分枝数/个	26	11	13	11	14
冠层投影面积/m²	9.89	3.22	2.19	5.14	2.82
冠层体积/m³	9.50	2.22	1.49	3.17	1.86

形态参数	编号
形态参数	Ck_1	Ck_2	Ck_3	Ck_4	Ck_5
株高/m	2.88	2.07	2.04	1.85	1.98
冠幅/cm	308×409	199×206	180×155	247×265	178×202
基径/mm	48.48	24.48	23.45	21.25	21.09
基部面积/m²	0.129	0.122	0.062	0.034	0.032
叶面积指数	1.07	0.86	0.55	1.07	0.62
分枝数/个	26	11	13	11	14
冠层投影面积/m²	9.89	3.22	2.19	5.14	2.82
冠层体积/m³	9.50	2.22	1.49	3.17	1.86

编号	基径/mm	长度/cm	朝向/（°）	枝下高/cm	倾角>65°	倾角<65°
Ck_1	0.48^*	0.39	-0.15	-0.19	-0.51^*	0.90^**
Ck_2	0.89^**	-0.66^*	-0.19	-0.47	-0.89^**	0.97^*
Ck_3	0.92^**	0.78^**	-0.14	-0.09	-0.98^*	0.66
Ck_4	0.78^*	0.93^**	0.17	-0.07	NA	0.95^**
Ck_5	0.99^**	0.61^*	0.14	0.51	-0.84^*	-0.62

编号	基径/mm	长度/cm	朝向/（°）	枝下高/cm	倾角>65°	倾角<65°
Ck_1	0.48^*	0.39	-0.15	-0.19	-0.51^*	0.90^**
Ck_2	0.89^**	-0.66^*	-0.19	-0.47	-0.89^**	0.97^*
Ck_3	0.92^**	0.78^**	-0.14	-0.09	-0.98^*	0.66
Ck_4	0.78^*	0.93^**	0.17	-0.07	NA	0.95^**
Ck_5	0.99^**	0.61^*	0.14	0.51	-0.84^*	-0.62

序号	基径 /mm	基径标准化系数	基径评价值	长度 /cm	长度标准化系数	长度评价值	倾角 /（°）	倾角标准化系数	倾角评价值	综合评价值
A	28	0.130	0.039	237	0.120	0.009	20	0.049	0.031	0.078
B	25	0.066	0.050	237	0.060	0.012	85	0.061	0.003	0.065
C	8.5	0.023	0.017	221	0.056	0.011	90	0.065	0.003	0.031
D	13.5	0.036	0.027	229	0.058	0.012	90	0.064	0.003	0.042
E	33.55	0.089	0.067	225	0.057	0.011	85	0.061	0.003	0.081
F	16.51	0.044	0.033	221	0.056	0.011	85	0.061	0.003	0.047
G	18.12	0.048	0.036	269	0.068	0.014	90	0.064	0.003	0.053
H	19.56	0.052	0.039	141	0.036	0.007	85	0.061	0.003	0.049
I	17.46	0.046	0.035	174	0.044	0.009	90	0.064	0.003	0.047
J	19.53	0.052	0.039	275	0.069	0.014	90	0.064	0.003	0.056
K	18.44	0.085	0.026	267	0.135	0.010	60	0.146	0.091	0.127
L	33.88	0.157	0.047	261	0.132	0.010	65	0.159	0.099	0.156
M	36.27	0.096	0.073	263	0.066	0.013	70	0.050	0.002	0.088
N	25.63	0.119	0.036	199	0.101	0.007	60	0.146	0.091	0.135
O	32.39	0.086	0.065	216	0.054	0.011	75	0.053	0.002	0.078
P	20.1	0.053	0.040	275	0.069	0.014	80	0.057	0.002	0.056
Q	16.67	0.044	0.033	288	0.073	0.015	80	0.057	0.002	0.050
R	26.49	0.070	0.053	172	0.043	0.009	70	0.050	0.002	0.064
S	18.41	0.085	0.026	202	0.102	0.008	65	0.159	0.099	0.132
T	25.97	0.069	0.052	229	0.058	0.012	75	0.053	0.002	0.066
U	16.48	0.044	0.033	251	0.063	0.013	85	0.061	0.003	0.048
V	32.37	0.086	0.065	282	0.071	0.014	80	0.057	0.002	0.081
W	12.58	0.058	0.018	174	0.088	0.006	50	0.122	0.076	0.100
X	23.65	0.110	0.033	197	0.100	0.007	35	0.085	0.053	0.094
Y	24.24	0.112	0.034	227	0.115	0.008	30	0.073	0.046	0.088
Z	31.05	0.144	0.043	212	0.107	0.008	25	0.061	0.038	0.089