黑河流域荒漠生态系统地面土壤动物群落的组成与多样性

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以中国西北内陆干旱区黑河流域典型的戈壁荒漠生态系统为研究对象,采用国际通用的陷阱法在6月和9月对天然戈壁荒漠草地土壤动物群落进行了调查,探讨了荒漠生态系统土壤动物群落组成与多样性及其季节变异特征。研究发现:①共捕获地面土壤动物3 407头（只）,隶属1门2纲14目31科,优势类群是长椿科和蚁科,常见类群有拟步甲科、象甲科、平腹蛛科、皿网蛛科、赤螨科、长角跳科和蝗总科。②依据体型大小将捕获的土壤动物划分为大、中、小型3个类群,分别占群落总个体数的94.1%、5.6%和0.3%;依据取食类型将捕获的土壤动物划分为捕食性、植食性、腐食性、菌食性和杂食性5个功能群,分别占群落总个体数的10.8%、38.5%、18.2%、4.7%和27.8%。③土壤动物群落组成、数量及多样性表现了明显的季节变异,主要体现在群落结构与多样性以及不同类群个体数量的季节变异等方面。研究结果为进一步开展戈壁荒漠生态系统土壤动物生态学的研究奠定了基础。

关键词: 黑河流域, 干旱荒漠生态系统, 土壤动物群落组成, 类群, 季节动态

Abstract: Soil animal is one of the most important components of arid desert ecosystems and plays a key role in maintaining ecosystem structure and function. Up to now, relatively fewer studies have explored seasonal variation in soil animal community composition and diversity of arid desert ecosystems in the Heihe basin, Northwest China. We used an arid desert ecosystem of the Heihe basin as a study system, and investigated the composition and diversity of surface-active soil animal communities within a sampling area of 5 000 m2 using pitfall trapping method in both June and September 2008. Main findings of this study are as follows. (1)We identified a total of 37 groups of soil fauna from 3 407 individuals sampled in the study area, of which the dominant groups included Lygaeidae and Formicidae, and the secondary dominant groups included Tenebrionidae, Curculionidae, Gnaphosidae, Linyphiidae, Erythraeoidae, Entomobryoidae and acridoidae. (2)The observed soil animal community was divided into three different body size classes of macrofauna, mesofauna and microfauna, accounting for 94.1%, 5.6% and 0.3% of the total community individual number, respectively. Additionally, the observed soil animal community is consisted of five functional groups such as predators, fungivores, phytophage, detritivores and omnivores, accounting for 10.8%, 38.5%, 18.2%, 4.7% and 27.8% of the total community individual number, respectively. (3)There was a significant within-season variation in the composition, abundance and diversity of the soil animal community, and this seasonal variation was mainly reflected in between-season variability in community composition, abundance and diversity as well as in the number of individuals of different groups.

Key words: The Heihe basin, arid desert ecosystems, soil fauna community composition, groups, seasonal variation

中图分类号:

S154.5

刘继亮;李锋瑞*;刘七军;牛瑞雪. 黑河流域荒漠生态系统地面土壤动物群落的组成与多样性[J]. 中国沙漠, 2010, 30(2): 342-349.

LIU Ji-liang;LI Feng-rui;LIU Qi-jun;NIU Rui-xue. Composition and Diversity of Surface-active Soil Fauna Communities in Arid Desert Ecosystems of the Heihe Basin[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2010, 30(2): 342-349.

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