稀疏植被地表反照率及土壤热传导率特征研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用“敦煌试验”稀疏植被站2002年典型晴天的资料,分析了与地表能量平衡最密切的两个参数：地表反照率和土壤热传导率的特征。分析发现稀疏植被下垫面的地表反照率日变化具有明显的不对称特征,这与以往在戈壁或沙漠上的地表反照率的研究明显不同,这可能是由于早晨的露水造成的。另外分别用定义法和加权平均法分别计算得到典型晴天敦煌稀疏植被的平均地表反照率基本为0.25,两种方法计算得到的地表反照率非常接近,得到的地表反照率的值与敦煌戈壁的值较接近,但比“黑河试验”的结果大。这也从一个侧面反映出稀疏植被区是一个气候敏感区。得到的稀疏植被下垫面的地表反照率应该可以作为遥感反演和陆面过程模式的一个参考值。另外还得到了敦煌稀疏植被干燥土壤的热传导率的平均值为0.20 W\5m-1\5K-1,在晴天,干燥土壤的执传导率基本分布在0.164~0.24 W\5m-1\5K-1范围内,平均值与敦煌戈壁2.5 cm处的土壤执传导率接近,但稍大一些;比“黑河试验”在戈壁观测的值小近一倍,而比权威的文献给出的干燥沙漠的值要小一些。

关键词: 稀疏植被, 反照率, 土壤热传导率, 西北干旱区

Abstract:

In this paper, the two parameters that are close related to surface energy balance: surface albedo and soil heat conductivity are analyzed based on the data observed on clear day of year 2002 at the station in sparse vegetation site in Dunhuang. Being different from the former research results in gobi or desert regions the diurnal variation of surface albedo in sparse vegetation site shows remarkable asymmetry; calculated by two different methods the mean albedo on typical clear day is about 0.25. The value is close to that on gobi in Dunhuang but larger than that in \!HEIFE\" experiment, which in some respects reflects that the sparse region is a sensitive climate region. The soil heat conductivity of dry soil on clear day is 0.164~0.24 W\5m-1\5K-1 and the mean is 0.20 W\5m-1\5K-1, which is close to the value in gobi of Dunhuang, but only about an half of the value in ‘HEIFE’ and smaller than that in dry desert from some authoritative references.

Key words: sparse vegetation, albedo, soil heat conductivity, arid region in northwest China

中图分类号:

P423.7

王胜;张强;张鸿. 稀疏植被地表反照率及土壤热传导率特征研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2008, 28(1): 119-124.

WANG Sheng;ZHANG Qiang;ZHANG Hong. Characteristics of Surface Albedo and Soil Heat Conductivity in Sparse Vegetation Site[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2008, 28(1): 119-124.

参考文献

[1]Henderson-Sellers A.The project for intercomparison of land-surface paramterization schemes[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,1993,74(7):1335-1348.
[2]Dickinson R E.Land-atmosphere interaction[R].U.S.Nation Report.International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991—1994.1995:917-922.
[3]胡隐樵.稀疏植被下垫面研究进展[J].高原气象,2004,23(3):281-296.
[4]Hu Yinqiao,Yang Xueli,Zhang Qiang.The characters of energy budget on the Gobi and desert surface in Hexi Region[J].ACTA Meteor Sin,1992,26:82-91.
[5]Wang Jiemin,Yasushi Mitsuta,Turbulence structure and transfer characteristics in the surface layer of the HEIFE Gobi area[J].Journal of the Meteor Soci of Japan,1991,69(5):587-593.
[6]胡隐樵,高由禧,王介民.黑河试验（HEIFE）的一些研究成果[J].高原气象,1994,13(3):225-236.
[7]吕世华,尚伦宇.金塔绿洲风场与温湿场特征的数值模拟[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(5):623-628.
[8]艾力·买买提明,杨青,阿吉古丽·沙依提,等.塔中油田作业区防护林带的小气候效应[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(4):623-628.
[9]杨兴国,马鹏里,王润元,等.陇中黄土高原夏季地表辐射特征分析[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(4):55-62.
[10]钟芳,李正平,宋耀选,等.黄土高原土壤蒸发实验研究[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(4):608-611.
[11]鲍艳,吕世华.干旱、半干旱区陆气相互作用的研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(3):454-460.
[12]朱德琴,高晓清,陈文.陆面模式(SSiB)对敦煌荒漠戈壁下垫面陆面过程的模拟及敏感性试验[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(3):466-472.
[13]Charney J G.Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1975,101:193-202.
[14]Lofgren B M.Sensitivity of landocean circulations:precipitation and soil moisture to perturbed land surface albedo[J].Journal of Climate,1995,8:2521-2542.
[15]邹基玲,候旭宏,季国良,黑河地区夏末太阳辐射特征的初步分析[J].高原气象,1992,11(4):381-388.
[16]沈志宝,邹基玲.黑河地区夏末太阳辐射特征的初步分析[J].高原气象,1994,13(3):314-322.
[17]Zhang Qiang,Huang Ronghui.Parameters of land-surface processes for Gobi in north-west China[J].Boundary-layer Meteorology,2004,110:471-478.
[18]张强,王胜,卫国安.西北地区戈壁局地陆面物理参数的研究[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(5):616-623.
[19]G W 帕尔特里奇, C M R 普拉特.气象学和气候学中的辐射过程[M].吕达仁,黄润恒,林海译.北京：科学出版社,1981:84-87.
[20]Jie Song.Diurnal asymmetry in surface albedo[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1998,92:181-189.
[21]Minnis P,Mayor S,Smith W L,et al.Asymmetry in the diurnal variation of surface albedo[J].IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sensing,1997,35(4):879-891.
[22]胡隐樵,奇跃进,杨选利.河西戈壁(化音)小气候和热量平衡特征的初步分析[J].高原气象,1990,9(2)：113-119.
[23]Stull R B.边界层气象学导论 [M].杨长新译.北京:气象出版社,1991：401-405.