胡杨(Populus euphratica)和沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia)对荒漠环境的适应性比较

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分析了在自然生长条件下两种阔叶沙生植物胡杨(Populus euphratica)和沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia)的蒸腾和光合作用的日变化与环境因子的关系.结果表明:(1)胡杨的蒸腾作用和光合作用的日变化趋势接近,但蒸腾作用在时间上比光合作用有约2 h的滞后;胡杨的蒸腾作用与温度和大气的水势正相关;随着温度和光照强度的升高,胡杨维持高水平的蒸腾作用和光合作用,没有表现出对水分利用的调节或节约能力;胡杨的光合作用与光强正相关,接近于线性关系,表明胡杨是典型的喜光植物,在自然的强光条件下没有出现光抑制现象;(2)沙枣的蒸腾和光合作用的日变化趋势几乎一致,表明沙枣的光合作用大小主要取决于气孔开度和气体交换量;在温度和光照强度维持在高水平的条件下,沙枣的光合作用和蒸腾作用逐渐下降,说明沙枣在水分胁迫加重时具有较强的气孔调节和节约水分的能力;与胡杨不同,沙枣午后的蒸腾和光合作用都出现了连续波动,可能是由于气孔震荡的作用;(3)从生态适应性上来说,胡杨可能通过高速蒸腾避免辐射造成的高温胁迫,并维持一个较高的光合作用水平,在有水分供应条件下,胡杨具有较高的初级生产力,但缺乏水分利用调节能力,是高耗水植物;而沙枣则通过叶片表面完全覆盖的星状鳞片反射高强度的光照避免高温伤害,同时通过气孔调节蒸腾减少水分散失,是阔叶树中相对节水的植物.

关键词: 胡杨(Populus euphratica), 沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia), 荒漠环境, 适应性

Abstract:

The diurnal changes in transpiration and photosynthesis in two broadleaved desert plants, Populus euphratica and Elaeagnus angustifolia were measured and analyzed in relation to the changes in the environmental factors. The results showed that:(1)the changes in diurnal patterns of transpiration and photosynthesis in P. euphratica were very similar, but the transpiration rate exhibited a lag of about 2 hours. The transpiration rate of P. euphratica was positively correlated to the temperature and water potential of the air, but did not show apparent relationship to the light intensity. P. euphratica maintained high level of transpiration and photosynthesis when both the light intensity and temperature were continuously high for several hours, no sign of regulation in water consumption was observed. The fact that the photosynthetic rate was almost linearly related to the light intensity showed that P. euphratica was a typical sun plant, since no photo-inhibition appeared to the plant. (2)In contrast, the patterns of the diurnal changes in transpiration and photosynthesis in Elaeagnus angustifolia were almost fully parallel, indicating that the photosynthesis was highly dependent on the opening of stomata and gas exchange. At high temperature and high light intensity, both the transpiration and photosynthesis in E. angustifolia declined continuously, showing that the stomata in E. angustifolia were more sensitive to changes in light intensity and temperature, and more capable of regulating the consumption of water when the water stress was severe. The transpiration and photosynthesis both showed fluctuations in the afternoon in E. angustifolia, which seemed to be due the result of stomata oscillations. (3)In terms of ecological adaptability, P. euphratica may have taken the strategy of maintaining a high level in both transpiration and photosynthesis under high temperature stress, thus have a high productivity, at the expense of high water consumption; while E. angustifolia may have taken the strategy of having asteriated scales on their leaves to reflect the excessive light to avoid radiation injury, and sensitively regulating the stomata to prevent excessive water loss. In this sense, E. angustifolia is a water-saving species among the broadleaved trees.

Key words: Populus euphratica, Elaeagnus angustifolia, desert environment, adaptability

中图分类号:

Q948.11

王仲礼, 赵雪, 刘林德, 柏新富, 朱建军. 胡杨(Populus euphratica)和沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia)对荒漠环境的适应性比较[J]. 中国沙漠, 2015, 35(1): 160-166.

Wang Zhongli, Zhao Xue, Liu Linde, Bai Xinfu, Zhu Jainjun. An Analysis of the Adaptability of Populus euphratica and Elaeagnus angustifolia to Changes in Environmental Factors[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2015, 35(1): 160-166.

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