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中国沙漠 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 872-880.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00054

• 生态与经济 • 上一篇    下一篇

社会—生态系统视角下农户对禁牧政策的适应性——以宁夏盐池县为例

侯彩霞1,2, 周立华1,3, 文岩4, 陈勇1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    3. 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院, 北京 100190;
    4. 北京师范大学 资源学院, 北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-15 修回日期:2017-07-03 出版日期:2018-07-20 发布日期:2018-11-06
  • 通讯作者: 周立华(E-mail:lhzhou@lzb.ac.cn)
  • 作者简介:侯彩霞(1986-),女,山西长治人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为生态经济与区域可持续发展。E-mail:houcaixia1987@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41471436,41601587);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500909)

Farmers' Adaptability to the Prohibiting Grazing Policy from the Perspective of Social-Ecological Systems:a case study in Yanchi, Ningxia, China

Hou Caixia1,2, Zhou Lihua1,3, Wen Yan4, Chen Yong1,2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3. Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
    4. College of Resources Science & Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • Received:2017-04-15 Revised:2017-07-03 Online:2018-07-20 Published:2018-11-06

摘要: 为了保护草原生态环境,2002年起国家全面实施“退牧还草”工程,在草原破坏严重的地区实施禁牧政策。政策实施后,草地生态明显恢复。作为草原最主要的经济活动主体和禁牧政策的最直接承受者,农户对政策的适应性直接影响政策的顺利进行以及生态环境恢复的可持续性。基于宁夏盐池县入户调查资料,研究了不同类型农户对禁牧政策的生态环境效应感知以及对禁牧政策适应能力感知,分析了不同类型农户对禁牧政策的应对策略,探讨了影响农户适应策略选择的主要因素。结果表明:(1)盐池县社会-生态系统尚处于不理想的系统稳态,生态系统恢复明显,但社会系统的适应性较低。农户普遍认为禁牧政策实施对生态环境有很大的改善,但对禁牧政策满意度感知处于中等水平,对禁牧政策适应能力的感知处于较低水平。由于生计方式和收入水平的差异,不同类型农户对禁牧政策的适应性感知差异较大。(2)不同类型农户采取不同适应策略应对禁牧政策实施造成的影响。纯农户适应策略以收缩型为主,兼业户和非农户以调节型为主,低收入和中等收入农户以收缩型为主,高收入农户以调节型为主。(3)农户对禁牧政策的适应成本、自我效能和农户拥有的人力资本、金融资本是影响农户适应性策略类型选择的主要因素。

关键词: 禁牧政策, 适应性, 感知, 农户, 盐池县

Abstract: To protect grassland eco-environments, a prohibiting grazing policy was instituted in 2002 in China, and grassland ecological environments were successfully restored. Farmers were the main economic actors in these grasslands; thus, the policy had the greatest effect on farmers. The adaptability of farmers to this policy had a direct impact on whether the policy was smoothly implemented and affected the sustainable development of the eco-environment. In this paper, household survey data from Yanchi County in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China, were used to study the perceptions of farmers with regard to the eco-environmental effects of the prohibiting grazing policy, and the adaptability and adaptation strategies of farmers were assessed based on the differences in the farmers' livelihoods and income levels. Finally, this paper discusses the main factors that influenced the adaptation strategies of farmers in Yanchi County. The main conclusions are obtained. The farmers' perception index of the environmental efficacy of the prohibiting grazing policy was relatively high; however, the farmers' perception index of their satisfaction with the policy was moderate. The diversification index of farmers' adaptation strategies decreased sequentially from pure farmers to semi-farmers to non-farmers, and the diversification index increased sequentially from low-income farmers to middle-income farmers to high-income farmers. The key factors influencing the diversification index of farmers' adaptation strategies included environmental efficiency, impact effects, adaptation costs, self-efficacy perception, human capital, financial capital and farmer attributes. The main factors influencing the farmers' adaptation strategies included adaptation costs, self-efficacy, adaptation effects, human capital, and financial capital.

Key words: prohibiting grazing policy, adaptability, perception, farmers, Yanchi County

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