艾比湖流域植被生态需水量

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00038

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于遥感数据，通过SEBAL模型估算蒸散量，计算艾比湖流域不同植被类型下植被生长季（59月）的生态需水量。结果表明：研究区植被主要为牧草地、灌木林地、耕地、乔木林地，面积分别为13 944km²（50%）、8 071km²（29%）、5 022km²（18%）、566km²（2%）。SEBAL模型估算的日蒸散量7月最大，为4.36mm。5、6、8、9月日蒸散量分别为4.26、4.07、4.24、4.15mm。SEBAL模型估算结果整体相对误差在10%以内，在允许范围内。20002015年生长季植被生态需水量整体上呈现出增加-减少-增加的变化趋势，2000、2005、2010、2015年分别为151.003×10⁸、149.611×10⁸、144.431×10⁸、136.374×10⁸m³。各植被类型下的生态需水量相比，牧草地 > 灌木林地 > 耕地 > 乔木林地，牧草地约占总生态需水量的53%～55%，而灌木林地、耕地的生态需水量分别占21%～25%、19%～20%，乔木林地的生态需水量所占比例最小，仅为2%～3%。

关键词: 植被生态需水量, 蒸散, SEBAL模型, 艾比湖流域

Abstract: The ecological water requirement of different vegetation types within growing season in the Ebinur Lake watershed is calculated with SEBAL model and remote sensing data. The results show that the vegetation area is classified into 4 kinds, which are grassland, shrub land, farmland, timber forest, and the area are 13 944 km², 8 071 km², 5 022 km², 566 km², respectively, occupying 50%, 29%, 18%, 2% respectively. Based on SEBAL model, the daily evapotranspiration is estimated from May to September. The results indicate that the daily evapotranspiration in July reach highest with 4.36 mm, and it is 4.26 mm, 4.07 mm, 4.24 mm, and 4.15 mm in May, June, August, September respectively. The whole error of the SEBAL model results is less than 10%. There was an increase-decrease-increase tendency for the calculation results of vegetation eco-water demand during the growing season from 2000 to 2015. The ecological water requirement of different vegetation types indicates as grassland > shrub land > farmland > timber forest. The ecological water requirement of grassland accounts for 53%-55%, shrub land and farmland occupied 21%-25%,19%-20%, respectively. The least is timber forest, only 2%-3%.

Key words: ecological water requirement, evapotranspiration, SEBAL model, Ebinur Lake watershed

中图分类号:

P426.2

范亚云, 郭玉川, 卢刚, 陈丽华, 张晓玉, 何学敏, 杨建军. 艾比湖流域植被生态需水量[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(4): 865-871.

Fan Yayun, Guo Yuchuan, Lu Gang, Chen Lihua, Zhang Xiaoyu, He Xuemin, Yang Jianjun. Vegetation Ecological Water Requirement of Ebinur Lake Watershed[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(4): 865-871.

参考文献

[1] 陈亚宁,郝兴明,李卫红,等.干旱区内陆河流域的生态安全与生态需水量研究——兼谈塔里木河生态需水量问题[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(7):732-738.
[2] Si J H,Feng Q,Yu T F,et al.Inland river terminal lake preservation:determining basin scale and the ecological water requirement[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73(7):3327-3334.
[3] 粟晓玲,康绍忠,石培泽.干旱区面向生态的水资源合理配置模型与应用[J].水利学报,2008,39(9):1111-1117.
[4] Zhang L.Ecological water requirement based on ecological protection and restoration targets in the lower reaches of the Heihe River,northern China[J].Frontiers of Forestry in China,2009,4(3):263-270.
[5] He Y T,Min Q W,Li W H,et al.Estimated forest ecological water requirements in the Jinghe Watershed-theory and case study[J].Frontiers of Forestry in China,2006,1(1):43-47.
[6] Yang Z F,Cui B S,Liu J L.Estimation methods of eco-environmental water requirements:case study[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2005,48(8):1280-1292.
[7] Zhao W Z,Chang X L,He Z B,et al.Study on vegetation ecological water requirement in Ejina Oasis[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2007,50(1):121-129.
[8] Gleick,P.H.Water in crisis:paths to sustainable water use[J].Ecological Applications,1998,8(3):571-579.
[9] 慕彩芸.北疆春小麦蒸散规律及蒸散量估算研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(4):53-57.
[10] 郑红星,刘昌明,丰华丽.生态需水的理论内涵探讨[J].水科学进展,2004,15(5):626-633.
[11] 李强坤,黄福贵,罗玉丽,等.额济纳地区绿洲恢复生态需水量研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2006,17(2):9-13.
[12] 杨晓光,刘海隆,王玉林,等.华北平原夏玉米农田生态系统蒸散规律研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(4):71-73.
[13] 张凯.民勤绿洲生态需水与生态恢复对策[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(7):813-817.
[14] 黄天明,王雄师,石培泽.干旱区生态需水量估算与退化生态重建[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004,18(8):43-47.
[15] 程国栋.干旱内陆流域生态需水量及其估算——以黑河流域为例[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(2):2467-2476.
[16] 黄奕龙.黄土丘陵小流域植被生态用水评价[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):152-155,194.
[17] 何志斌.黑河中游地区植被生态需水量估算[J].生态学报,2005,25(4):705-710.
[18] 夏军.西北地区生态环境需水估算的几个问题研讨[J].水文,2002,22(5):12-17.
[19] 贾宝全.生态环境用水研究现状、问题分析与基本构架探索[J].生态学报,2002,22(10):1734-1740.
[20] 武永利,田国珍,王云峰.基于改进的SEBS模型的作物需水量研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):113-118.
[21] 孙敏章.卫星遥感监测ET方法及其在水管理方面的应用[J].水科学进展,2005,16(3):468-474.
[22] 王芳,王浩,陈敏建,等.中国西北地区生态需水研究(2)——基于遥感和地理信息系统技术的区域生态需水计算及分析[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(2):129-137.
[23] 张丽.干旱区天然植被生态需水量计算方法[J].水科学进展,2003,14(6):745-748.
[24] 白元.基于地下水恢复的塔里木河下游生态需水量估算[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):630-640.
[25] 叶红梅.疏勒河灌区2000-2014年植被生态适宜需水动态研究[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(1):231-240.
[26] 杨云良,阎顺,贾宝全,等.艾比湖流域生态环境演变与人类活动关系初探[J].生态学杂志,1996,15(6):44-50.
[27] 袁国映.艾比湖退缩及其对环境的影响[J].干旱区地理,1990,13(4):62-67.
[28] 张飞,王娟,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,等.1998-2013年新疆艾比湖湖面时空动态变化及其驱动机制[J].生态学报,2015,35(9):2848-2859.
[29] 杨川德.艾比湖流域水资源利用的环境效应[J].干旱区地理,1990,13(4):45-50.
[30] 董雯,刘志辉.艾比湖流域水资源承载力综合评价[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(2):217-223.
[31] 聂春霞,孙慧,闫海龙,等.新疆艾比湖流域经济社会水资源配置研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(1):156-160.
[32] 刘静玲,杨志峰,林超,等.流域生态需水规律研究[J].中国水利,2006(13):18-21.
[33] 何永涛,李文华,李贵才,等.黄土高原地区森林植被生态需水研究[J].环境科学,2004,25(3):35-39.