内陆河流域治理政策的生态环境效果评价——以民勤绿洲为例

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00286

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 西北内陆河流域治理政策作为国家重要生态环境治理政策受到广泛关注。以石羊河流域生态环境退化最为严重的民勤绿洲为研究区，结合历史文献数据、问卷调查数据、遥感影像数据，运用描述性统计分析和土地荒漠化遥感监测，对比分析石羊河流域治理政策实施初期和实施7 a后农户开荒、用水、种植行为的变化以及生态环境对农户行为变化的响应。结果表明：（1）政策实施7 a上游来水量累积增加了4.44亿m³；农户停止了开荒行为，人均耕地由≥ 0.33 hm²减少到 ≤0.17 hm²，农户用井水灌溉的比例减少17.9%，灌溉方式向更节水的沟灌、膜上灌、喷灌发展；农户减少耗水作物小麦与籽瓜的选择频数和种植面积；生态移民迁出1.05万人，平均每年输转农村剩余劳动力5.61万人。（2）近60%的农户认为该区整体生态环境变好，且荒漠化遥感监测显示2013年该区重度、中度和轻度荒漠化面积分别减少0.24%、5.35%、3.5%。近90%的农户认为环境的改善与流域治理有关。

关键词: 流域治理, 政策, 农户行为, 生态效果, 民勤绿洲

Abstract: The comprehensive management policy in inland river basin of northwest China attracts extensive attention from scholar, government to household. It aims to restore the eco-environment in downstream, realize the sustainable development of ecology, society and economy among the whole watershed through reallocation of the water resources. It has been implemented successfully in the Tarim River Watershed and Heihe Watershed. In this paper, we focus on the eco-environment changes and the household behavior changes after 7-years implement of the Shiyang River Watershed management policy in the Minqin Oasis by means of questionnaire survey and remote sensing assessment. The water from upstream increased by 444 million m³ from 2007 to 2013. Household stopped reclaiming, and the cultivate land they own reduced more than half from 0.33 hm² per person to 0.17 hm² per person. The share of irrigation water from well decreased by 17.9% due to the water increase from upstream. Household would like to irrigate by means of water-saving. High water consumption crops such as wheat and melon are abandoned by half of household. There are 10.5 thousand of residents are moved to other regions, and 56.1 thousand of rural labors took jobs in other places. 59.3% of the household believed the eco-environment was better than before. The severe moderate and slight desertification land decreased from 2007 to 2013 by 0.24%, 5.35%, 3.5%, respectively. The eco-environment improved obviously in the center of the oasis. Nearly 90% of the households believed that the eco-environment improvement was related to the comprehensive management policy.

Key words: watershed management, policy, household behavior, eco-environment effects, Minqin Oasis

中图分类号:

黄珊, 周立华, 冯起, 陆志翔, 肖建华. 内陆河流域治理政策的生态环境效果评价——以民勤绿洲为例[J]. 中国沙漠, 2017, 37(3): 580-586.

Huang Shan, Zhou Lihua, Feng Qi, Lu Zhixiang, Xiao Jianhua. Evaluation of Eco-environment Effects of Management Policy Implementing in Inland River Basin of China: A case in the Minqin Oasis[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2017, 37(3): 580-586.

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