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中国沙漠 ›› 2015, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 1103-1112.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00098

• 生态与经济 • 上一篇    

4 000 a BP以来伊犁河谷文化遗址时空分布及变异性

王芳1,2, 张小雷1, 杨兆萍1, 栾福明3, 李宝富4, 熊黑钢5, 王昭国1,2, 时卉1,2, 吴文婕1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011;
    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    3. 丽水学院 商学院, 浙江 丽水 323000;
    4. 曲阜师范大学 地理与旅游学院, 山东 日照 276826;
    5. 北京联合大学 应用文理学院, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2014-06-16 修回日期:2014-07-25 出版日期:2015-07-20 发布日期:2015-07-20
  • 作者简介:王芳(1984-),女,山东菏泽人,博士研究生,主要从事人地关系与区域发展研究。Email: wf198409@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAH48F01);中国科学院外国专家特聘研究员计划项目(2013T2Z0004);国家自然科学基金项目(41171165,41301204)

Spatio-temporal Distribution and Variability of Cultural Relics in the Ili River Valley since 4 000 a BP

Wang Fang1,2, Zhang Xiaolei1, Yang Zhaoping1, Luan Fuming3, Li Baofu4, Xiong Heigang5, Wang Zhaoguo1,2, Shi Hui1,2, Wu Wenjie1,2   

  1. 1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3. Business School, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, Zhejinag, China;
    4. Institute of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, China;
    5. College of Art and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2014-06-16 Revised:2014-07-25 Online:2015-07-20 Published:2015-07-20

摘要: 采用GIS和半方差函数、空间插值等地统计学方法,对夏朝以来(分为夏朝-西周、春秋-秦朝、西汉-南北朝、隋朝-唐朝、宋朝-元朝-明朝、清朝-民国6个阶段)伊犁河谷文化遗址时空演变特征和空间变异进行了研究。结果表明:(1)伊犁河谷历史时期6个阶段的文化遗址数量和出现频率变化呈倒“V”型变化,两者均在夏朝-西周达到最小值(3个和0.23个/100a),而最高值则分别出现在西汉-南北朝(422个)和春秋-秦朝(60.04个/100a);遗址空间格局经历了 “双中心-多中心-连片化-双中心-多中心-单中心”的演变过程,并由前3个阶段的“东高西低”演变为后3个阶段的“西高东低”,表明研究区人类活动空间重心的转移。(2)文化遗址在夏朝-西周时期空间负相关性较强,春秋-秦朝、清朝-民国时期正负相关并存,其余3个阶段则随空间距离增加正相关性逐渐降低。(3)文化遗址在后4个阶段比前2个阶段自相关变化尺度大,块金值和基台值变化均呈倒“V”型,隋朝-唐朝和宋朝-元朝-明朝属于中等自相关,其余4个阶段呈强烈自相关。(4)生产力发展水平、经济与政治中心变迁、西北丝绸之路的兴衰、社会稳定性、政权更迭等是影响研究区遗址时空分布、格局演变的最重要人文因素。

关键词: 伊犁河谷, 文化遗址, 半方差函数, 空间插值, 时空分布

Abstract: The GIS and geostatistical methods including semi-variance function and spatial interpolation were employed to study spatio-temporal distribution of cultural relics in the Ili River Valley since the Xia Dynasty. Results show that the number and frequency of cultural relics presented a trend of inverted "V" type during six periods (Xia Dynasty-Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn Period-Qin Dynasty, Western Han Dynasty-Northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui Dynasty-Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty-Yuan Dynasty-Ming Dynasty, and Qing Dynasty-the Republic of China). For the number and frequency of cultural relics, the lowest values were 3 and 0.23/100a respectively in Xia Dynasty-Western Zhou Dynasty while the highest values were 422 and 60.04/100a in Western Han Dynasty-Northern and Southern Dynasties and Spring and Autumn Period-Qin Dynasty, respectively. Spatial pattern had an evolution of double center-multicenter-conectar-double center-multicenter-single center and changed from “dense in the east and sparse in the west” in former three periods to “dense in the west and sparse in the east” in latter three periods, which illustrated the barycenter transfer of human activity. The cultural relics had strong spatially negative correlations in Xia Dynasty-Western Zhou Dynasty and alternative positive and negative correlations in Spring and Autumn Period-Qin Dynasty and Qing Dynasty-the Republic of China, while the positive correlations gradually lowered with space distance increase in other three periods. Cultural relics had bigger autocorrelation changes in latter four periods than that in former two periods. The change trend of Nugget value and Partial Sill value was like inverted "V". The cultural relics presented medium autocorrelation in Sui Dynasty-Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty-Yuan Dynasty-Ming Dynasty and strong autocorrelation in other four periods. Human factors played an important role in the spatio-temporal distribution and pattern evolution of cultural relics, such as development level of productivity, transition of political and economic centers, vicissitude of Silk Road, social stability, and regime changes.

Key words: Ili River Valley, cultural relics, semi-variogram, spatial interpolation, spatio-temporal distribution

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