关键词: 粘土矿物, 环境污染, 防治

Abstract: Clay mineral belongs to silicate minerals. With layer structure, inter layer electric charges and chemical bond, clay mineral is characterized by unique polarity, high porosity and large surface area, thus, clay is capable of absorption, ion exchanging and swelling. Based on these properties, clay mineral can serve as very effective sorbent of environmental pollutants. Pollutants of waterbody mainly come from industrial wastewater and the use of chemical fertilizer, which include inorganic materials such as heavy metal and chloride et al., and organic ones as pesticide chlorophenols and oil et al.. Contrast to active carbon, most kinds of clay minearls have not only abundent deposits but also low cost of regeneration. Moreover, the absorption of modified clay can be enhanced several times as high as its usual. As the main part of soil colloid, clay minerals all carry some electric charges and can exchange ion in soil. While toxicants permeated through soil, soil colloid may absorb the ions with reverse charges and then some of the ions can be solided in the composition of clay. Therefore, the activity and diffusion of pollutants are limited and the soil with clay mineral make it self clean up. With lower hydraulic conductivity and swelling potential clay mineral is regarded as an ideal sealant, which is widespreadly used in getting rid of radioactive waste. Based on the above properties clay mineral will open its vast prospect in the application of environmental pollution control.

Key words: clay mineral, environmental pollution, prevention and control