保护性耕作对黄土高原农田土壤理化性质的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究了陇中黄土高原半干旱区的小麦→豌豆→小麦轮作系统下免耕(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆还田(TS)、免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)等保护性耕作措施对土壤容重和土壤养分的影响。结果表明:保护性耕作措施可显著提高0~5 cm层土壤有机碳、氮(全氮、速效氮)、磷(全磷、速效磷)、钾(全钾、速效钾)的含量,其中,NTS效果最优,可显著降低0~30 cm各土层土壤容重;土壤有机碳与氮(全氮、速效氮)、磷(全磷、速效磷)各因子存在极显著正相关关系。与传统耕作相比,NTS、NT,TS降低土壤容重,提高了土壤养分的含量。豌豆田土壤容重分别降低4.80%、2.67%、4.00%,有机碳分别提高10.52%、4.63%、4.83%,全氮分别提高13.83%、7.45%、8.51%;春小麦田土壤容重分别降低4.62%、3.08%、4.62%,有机碳分别提高11.99%、7.78%、12.10%,全氮分别提高11.11%、6.67%、3.33%。

关键词: 保护性耕作, 土壤容重, 土壤养分, 黄土高原

Abstract: Long-term field experiments on the responses of soil buck density and soil nutrient to tillage patterns in a rain-fed pea→wheat→pea rotation system were conducted in Dingxi, Gansu, China. The effects of conventional tillage (T) and three conservative agriculture patterns (conventional tillage with stubble incorporation, TS; no till with no stubble, NT; no till with stubble retention, NTS) were studied. The results showed that: the conservative tillage treatments significantly increased the contents of soil organic carbon, total N, total P, total K, available N、P and K, at the depth of 0-5 cm and the NTS had the optimal effect. The management of NTS decreased bulk density in each depth of 0-30 cm. There are significantly positive correlations between SOC, N and P. In short, 3 conservation tillage treatments can add the contents of the soil nutrients, but decrease the soil bulk density in comparison with T. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in pea field were respectively increased 10.52%, 4.63%, 4.83% and 13.83%, 7.45%, 8.51%, but soil bulk density decreased of 4.80%, 2.67%, 4.00%. In spring wheat field, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen respectively increased 11.99%, 7.78%, 12.10% and 11.11%, 6.67%, 3.33%, while soil bulk density was reduced of 4.62%, 3.08%, 4.62%. It is important that the conservation tillage treatments can improve soil structure and the capacity of maintaining fertility.

Key words: conservative tillage, soil buck density, soil nutrients, Loess Plateau

中图分类号:

S344.13

张婧, 张仁陟, 左小安. 保护性耕作对黄土高原农田土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2016, 36(1): 137-143.

Zhang Jing, Zhang Renzhi, Zuo Xiaoan. Effects of Conservative Tillage on Physical and Chemical Characteristics under a Pea-wheat rotation System in the Loess Plateau[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2016, 36(1): 137-143.

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