豆禾牧草间作根际土壤养分、酶活性及微生物群落特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 西北半干旱地区生态系统脆弱，土地养分流失严重，而过量施肥和连作会导致土壤性状恶化。为了满足当地饲草需求及改善土壤状况，本研究对紫花苜蓿和玉米进行连续间作，研究其对根际土壤养分、生物活性及稳定性的影响。结果表明：根际土壤pH在间作下较单作大幅降低。间作根际土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量均显著大于玉米单作，根际土壤碱性磷酸酶活性显著大于紫花苜蓿单作，而过氧化氢酶活性则表现相反。间作土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性显著大于玉米单作。细菌/真菌数量在间作根际土壤中显著大于单作。间作根际土壤细菌、放线菌数量及细菌序列数显著大于玉米单作，拟杆菌门和疣微菌门相对丰度显著大于紫花苜蓿单作，土壤绿弯菌门和放线菌门相对丰度显著大于玉米单作。土壤酶活性和细菌数量均与pH呈极显著负相关，而与有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量极显著正相关；拟杆菌门与pH呈极显著负相关，与有机质、碱解氮及速效钾含量极显著正相关；酸杆菌门、疣微菌门与pH显著正相关，而与有机质、全氮、碱解氮及速效钾含量极显著负相关。紫花苜蓿/玉米间作可改善根际土壤碱性条件及微生物环境，同时改善玉米根际土壤养分。紫花苜蓿/玉米间作是防止西北半干旱区土壤退化、改善土壤稳定性的有效措施。

关键词: 间作, 土壤养分, 土壤酶, 细菌群落

Abstract: The semi-arid area of Northwest China is characterized by fragile ecosystem and serious nutrient loss of soil. Excessive fertilization and continuous cropping will lead to soil degradation. In order to meet the needs of forage and improve the soil conditions in local area, the effects of rhizosphere soil nutrient, biological activity and stability were studied in the continuous alfalfa/maize intercropping. The results showed that pH of rhizosphere soil decreased greatly in intercropping than that in monoculture. The contents of soil organic matter (SOM), available phosphorus (AP) and available kalium (AK) in rhizosphere soil of intercropping maize were significantly higher than that of monoculture maize. Alkaline phosphatase activity of intercropping alfalfa was significantly higher than that of monoculture alfalfa, while catalase activity was the opposite in the rhizosphere soil. The activities of urease, alkaline phosphatase, catalase and invertase in maize intercropping were significantly higher than that in monoculture maize. Bacteria/fungi value in intercropping maize was significantly higher than that in monoculture maize. Quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes and sequence reads of bacteria in maize intercropping was significantly higher than that in monoculture maize. Bacteroides and Verruciformes in intercropping alfalfa were significantly higher than those in monoculture alfalfa, while Campylobacter and Actinomycetes in intercropping maize were significantly higher than those in monoculture maize. Soil enzymes and bacteria quantity were extremely significant negative correlated with pH, but extremely significant positive correlated with SOM, total nitrogen (TN) and available nitrogen (AN). Bacteroides was extremely significant negative correlated with pH and extremely significant positive correlated with SOM, AN and AP. Acidobacteria and Verruciforme were extremely significant positive correlated with pH, but extremely significant negative correlated with SOM, NA and AK. In conclusion, alfalfa/maize intercropping can reduce the alkaline condition and microbial environment of rhizosphere soil, and improve the nutrient of maize rhizosphere soil. Therefore, alfalfa/maize intercropping is an effective measure to prevent soil degradation and improve soil stability in the semi-arid area of Northwest China.

Key words: intercropping, soil nutrients, soil enzymes, bacterial community

中图分类号:

S154.36

赵雅姣, 刘晓静, 吴勇, 童长春. 豆禾牧草间作根际土壤养分、酶活性及微生物群落特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(3): 219-228.

Zhao Yajiao, Liu Xiaojing, Wu Yong, Tong Changchun. Rhizosphere soil nutrients, enzyme activities and microbial community characteristics in legume-cereal intercropping system in Northwest China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(3): 219-228.

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